Abstract: Objective: To explore the level of family adaptation of families of maintenance hemodialysis patients based on the family resilience theory, and to investigate the influence of family general situation, family resilience and family function on family adaptation ability. Methods: Totally 138 families of maintenance hemodialysis patients were investigated. Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale (FACES) was used to evaluate the level of family adaptation. Family Hardiness Index (FHI),both the Problem-solving Scale and Family Communication Scale in the Family Assessment Device (FAD), and the self-designed family general information questionnaire were used to measure possible influencing factors. Results: The average score of family adaptation was 48.85±10.29, which was significantly lower than those of general families in China (P<0.05). The commitment dimension in FHI, the family communication ability in FAD and caregivers’ educational level all influenced the level of family adaptation, which could explain 42.20% of the total variance. Conclusion: Intervention and effort to improve family resilience, help and promote family communication should be provided to improve family adaptation level of families of maintenance hemodialysis patients.