Objective: To investigate the pain nursing management status in hospitals, so as to provide basis for promoting the further development of pain care management in China. Methods: Totally 145 hospitals were selected using convenience sampling method in June 2023, and a self-designed survey questionnaire was used to collect data. Results: Of the 145 hospitals, 138 (95.17%) hospitals established pain care management system, and 53 (36.55%) hospitals set up pain care outpatient clinic or pain healthcare joint outpatient clinic. There were 92 (63.45%), 92 (63.45%), and 128 (88.28%) hospitals conducting pain assessment for outpatient, emergency, and hospitalized patients, respectively. Thirteen provincial nursing societies where 91(62.76%) hospitals located established pain nursing professional committees, and 10 pain nursing professional committees carried out pain specialist nurse training. Totally 118 (81.38%) hospitals conducted pain care training throughout the hospital. Conclusion: The establishment of a national hospital pain care management system and the implementation of pain care for inpatients are continuously improving. However, there is still room for improvement in exploring a nurse-led outpatient working model, further improving the standardization of pain assessment, implementing the training and usage rules for pain specialist nurses, and strengthening training for nurses.

Objective: To establish a clinical pain assessment and management system and evaluate its application effect, so as to provide a reference for standardized clinical pain assessment and management. Methods: The pain assessment and management system was established from the aspects of clinical pain assessment methods, management tools, quality evaluation and the closed-loop information management platform of pain score. Nurses' performance in pain assessment, patient pain control effect, and patient satisfaction were compared before and after the application of system. Results: After the application of the system, the completeness and accuracy of pain assessment improved (P<0.05), the proportion of intravenous analgesics decreased (P<0.05), the timely treatment rate for explosive or severe pain increased (P<0.05), and patients' satisfaction with pain control effectiveness increased (P<0.05). Conclusion: This system can objectively reflect the condition and treatment outcome of related painful diseases, laying a solid foundation for improving the overall pain assessment and management level and clinical diagnosis and treatment effect, and is worthy of further promotion.

Objective: To construct a transitional pain management plan for postoperative critically ill patients, provide a reference for improving pain management in postoperative critically ill patients during the transition from ICU to specialized ward. Methods: Literature analysis and Delphi method were used to determine the transitional ICU pain management plan for postoperative critically ill patients, and hierarchical analysis was used to calculate the index weights. Results: A total of 18 experts were consulted twice. The coordination coefficient of the two rounds of inquiry was 0.276-0.309 (P<0.05). The constructed transitional pain management plan for postoperative critically ill patients includes 3 primary indicators including structure, process and outcome, 9 secondary and 36 tertiary indicators. Conclusion: The pain management plan for the postoperative ICU of critically ill patients constructed in this study is scientific and operable, and meets the actual needs of critically ill patients after surgical transfer. This protocol helps to improve pain outcomes relative to routine ICU transition procedures in postoperative critically ill patients. This study may provide references and guidelines for ICU and specialty unit medical staff to better develop clinical pain management practices for critical ill patients.

Objective: To explore the experience of neonatology nurses' participation in pain management from the perspectives of core competencies, and provide a basis for improving the quality of pain management in neonates. Methods: From November 2022 to February 2023, 16 nurses in neonatology units from five tertiary general hospitals and five tertiary specialty hospitals in Guangdong province were recruited for semi-structured interviews for pain management experience. The content analysis method was used to summarize and extract the themes. Results: Four main themes and 12 sub-themes were identified. Four main themes were challenges of pain management in neonates, difficulties in neonatal pain assessment and measurement, insufficient pain management and prevention in neonates, and impediments to neonatology nurses' knowledge transformation and utilization. Conclusion: Problems and difficulties in neonatal pain assessment and management, and knowledge application are acknowledged by the interviewees. Managers should design training and improvement projects based on core competencies for pain management to improve the quality of integrated pain care in neonates.

Objective: To analyze the influencing factors of kinesiophobia in patients with pain due to accidental trauma, and then to further explore the impact path of factors, so as to provide reference for clinical intervention. Methods: Emergency trauma patients were selected by convenience sampling method from February to March in 2022 in a tertiary grade A hospital in Changsha, the subjects were investigated with general condition questionnaire, pain numerical rating scale, pain catastrophe scale, social support scale, and Tampa scale for kinesiophobia. Generalized linear model was used to analyze the influencing factors and the structural equation modeling was used to analyze the path. Results: The pain score of 440 trauma patients was 3.50(2.0, 5.0), the score of kinesiophobia was 44.00(38.0, 48.8). The influencing factors of kinesiophobia were education level, occupation type, catastrophic pain, social support and pain degree. Path analysis result showed that catastrophic pain and social support directly predict the level of kinesiophobia, and social support and pain severity influence the level of kinesiophobia by the mediating of catastrophic pain. Conclusion: The incidence of kinesiophobia in patients with accidental trauma is high, medical staff should intervene pain as soon as possible, so as to reduce the level of kinesiophobia by alleviating the degree of catastrophic pain.

Objective: To develop and implement nursing quality improvement strategies for moderate to severe pain inpatients, providing reference for clinical improvement of pain management. Methods: The issues on management of inpatients with moderate to severe pain was analyzed by literature review and questionnaire survey methods, a quality improvement program on pain management was developed and implemented in all wards, including establishing indicator for pain assessment completion rate among nurses after using opioid drugs, updating pain assessment standards, constructing pain care training outline, developing pain assessment scales and education video. Completion rate and accuracy of pain assessment, familiarity rate, and satisfaction with pain management of inpatients before and after the program were compared. Results: Completion rates, accuracy rates of pain assessment of nurses, total familiarity rates of pain assessment of inpatients, and satisfaction rates of patients with moderate to severe pain were improvement after the implementation of the quality improvement program (P<0.05). Conclusion: The construction of sensitive quality indicators for pain specialized nursing, updating of the inpatient pain assessment standards, and pain training based on nurse needs and guidelines can significantly improve the nursing satisfaction and quality of patients with moderate to severe pain, and is worthy of further clinical application.

Objective: To investigate the status quo of pain empathy among clinical nurses in Anhui province and analyze its influencing factors. Methods: Totally 9900 nurses in Anhui province were recruited using cluster stratified sampling method from June to July 2023, and surveys were conducted using the general information questionnaire, pain management knowledge and attitude questionnaire, pain empathy scale, and knowledge sharing behavior scale. Results: A total of 9186 nurses participated in the surrey, and the score of pain empathy was 3.10±0.78. Multiple linear regression analysis results found that title, education, pain related training, and knowledge-sharing behaviors influenced nurses' pain empathy (P<0.05). Conclusion: The pain empathy of nurses in Anhui province is overall at a high level, however, some nurses still need to improve their pain empathy level. Nursing managers should improve nurses' pain management knowledge, and knowledge sharing behavior, and promote nurses' pain empathy ability.

Objective: To construct the competency training system for pain specialist nurses in Zhejiang province, and to explore its practical effect. Methods: Based on the core competencies of pain care nursing and the post competence model, a capability training system for pain specialist nurses in Zhejiang province was established and applied in 4 training sessions from January 2020 to August 2023. Training effectiveness were evaluated using comprehensive quantitative assessments, clinical practice core competencies scores, and post-training work engagement and satisfaction with the program. Results: The training system for pain specialist nurses consisted of modules on theoretical knowledge, clinical skills, teaching ability, quality improvement, and research ability, with a total of 183 specialized nurses trained. The knowledge score was 91.45±8.38, the first time pass rate in clinical skill exam was 97.81%, the scores of clinical practice core competencies was significantly improved (P<0.001), and the trainees' satisfaction with training was 94.25±9.21. Conclusion: This training system helps to enhance the competency of pain specialist nurses in Zhejiang province and provides sustainable human resources support for the long-term development of pain care nursing.

Objective: To investigate the clinical practice status of pediatric nurses in Clinical Practice Standards of Arterial Blood Gas Analysis for Children issued in 2020. Methods: Totally 838 pediatric nurses from 32 medical institutions across the country were selected using convenience sampling method. A self-designed questionnaire based on the Clinical Practice Standards of Arterial Blood Gas Analysis for Children issued in 2020 was performed to investigate the current situation of clinical practice of arterial blood gas analysis for children. Results: Only 28.64% of nurses were aware of the impact of body temperature on blood analysis results, 67.78% of nurses knew that they should appease the children's emotions before operation, 68.97% of nurses knew the method for determining the results of Allen experiment/modified Allen experiment, 80.31% of nurses chose professional arterial blood samplers, 90.69% of nurses preferred radial artery for arterial blood collection, 6.44% of nurses had at least one needle puncture incident due to arterial blood collection operations and 80.67% of nurses stated that they accepted training on arterial blood sampling operations. Conclusion: Pediatric nurses have a good overall practice in arterial blood gas analysis for children. The majority of pediatric nurses need to improve their knowledge and clinical practice of arterial blood gas analysis. Continued training and clinical practice improvement are still needed.

Objective: To develop and evaluate the reliability and validity of Home Medication Safety Assessment Scale of Children's Caregivers. Methods: Based on the health belief model, the initial scale was firstly developed through literature review and qualitative interview of children's caregivers. The final scale was formed by expert consultation and pre-investigation. From March to April 2022, a total of 250 cases of children caregivers were selected by convenience sampling for item analysis and factor analysis. From May to July 2022, totally 402 children caregivers were selected for questionnaire survey to further analyze the reliability and validity of the scale. Results: There were 34 items in the formal scale, with 7 dimensions including perceived threat, perceived benefits, perceived obstacles, self-efficacy, safe medication behavior, potentially risky medication behavior and unsafe medication behavior. Seven common factors were extracted from exploratory factor analysis, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 69.066%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit was good and the scale factor structure was stable. The content validity index of each item was 0.838-1.000; the content validity index of the average scale level was 0.940; the Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.848; the split-half reliability was 0.776; and the test-retest reliability was 0.880. Conclusion: The home medication safety assessment scale of children's caregivers developed in this study has a good reliability and validity, which can be used as a scientific tool to evaluate the home medication safety of children caregivers, and provide guidance for the development of home medication safety improvement programs for children caregivers.

Objective: To construct a self-management support intensive phase intervention programs for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients, and to provide a reference for health management and education of diabetes. Methods: Based on the literature review, the previous studies conducted by the project team and social cognitive theory, a preliminary self-management support intensive phase intervention programs for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients was developed. A total of 13 experts were invited to participate in a two-round Delphi consultation to finalize the program. Results: The effective recovery rate of the two Delphi expert consultations were 100.0% and 92.9%, respectively, with the authority coefficient being 0.882 and 0.885, the Kendall coordination coefficients being 0.149 and 0.175 (P<0.05) and the coefficient of variation ranging from 0.09 to 0.23 and 0 to 0.15, respectively. The final intervention program consisted of 21 items of intervention contents concerning 3 intervention time points (the third, sixth and ninth month of structured education), 3 themes including behavior reinforcement, behavior maintenance, and emotion management, 3 general goals and 9 sub-goals for intervention. Conclusion: The diabetes self-management support intensive phase intervention programs constructed in this study is necessary, reasonable, reliable, authoritative and scientific, which can provide a reference for self-management support for diabetes patients and is of great significance for guiding clinical nursing work.

Objective: To construct and validate the risk prediction model of Intraoperative Hypothermia in lung cancer patients, and to provide a reference for clinical medical staff to identify the high-risk groups of Intraoperative Hypothermia in lung cancer patients. Methods: Patients with lung cancer from June to November 2022 in a tertiary grade A cancer hospital in Sichuan province were randomly divided into training set (770 cases) and validation set (330 cases). Four machine learning algorithms (Logistic regression, XGBoost, random forest, support vector machine) in Recovery Component were used to construct prediction models, and their performance was compared to obtain the best prediction model algorithm for Intraoperative Hypothermia in lung cancer patients. The model was verified in the validation set. Results: The incidence of Intraoperative Hypothermia was 53.2%. Intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative infusion volume, operation time, anesthesia time, operating room temperature, core body temperature after anesthesia and surgical resection site were the influencing factors of Intraoperative Hypothermia in patients with lung cancer. The AUC of the random forest model in the training set was 0.968, and the AUC of the validation set was 0.968, which was better than the other three prediction models. Conclusion: The model based on random forest algorithm is the optimal Intraoperative Hypothermia prediction model for lung cancer patients, which is conducive to clinical screening of high-risk groups, can provide reference for medical staff to take targeted preventive measures early.

Objective: To explore the impact of Zone Inserted MethodTM (ZIMTM) on the effectiveness of tunneled Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC). Methods: A prospective study selecting patients receiving tunneled PICC in 5 tertiary grade A hospitals in Shandong Province from July 2021 to December 2021 as subjects was carried out. The patients were divided into three groups based on the ZIMTM principle: green-red group (n=114), green-green group (n=131), and yellow-green group (n=129). Then indicators including catheter-related complications, bleeding volume within 24 hours, comfort scores of patients were compared among the three groups. Results: In the case of controlling confounding factors, less catheter dislodgement was observed in the green-green group and the yellow-green group when compared with the green-red group, and the yellow-green group also showed a significantly lower incidence of catheter-related thrombosis (P<0.05); The 24-hour bleeding at the venous puncture site and catheter exit site in the green-red group, green-green group, and yellow-green group decreased in descending order, while the comfort scores of patients increased in an opposite order (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the ZIMTM theory, to puncture from the yellow area and exit from the green area is the most ideal placement approach for tunneled PICC, which is greatly conducive to reducing catheter-related complications and improving the comfort of patients during catheterization.

Objective: To introduce and localize the Quality of Working Life Questionnaire for Cancer Survivors (QWLQ-CS), and to test its reliability and validity in breast cancer survivors, in order to provide a measuring tool for the assessment of working life quality for breast cancer survivors. Methods: The Chinese version of QWLQ-CS was developed by adapting the original scale according to the Brislin translation model. A convenient sampling method was used to select 218 breast cancer survivors for questionnaire survey, and the item analysis method was used to detect the appropriateness of scale. Content validity and structure validity were used to detect the scale validity. Internal consistency was used to test the reliability of the scale. Results: The Chinese version of QWLQ-CS consisted of 5 dimensions and 23 items. The I-CVI ranged from 0.88 to 1.00, the S-CVI was 0.984, the Cronbach's α coefficient of the total scale was 0.909, and the Cronbach's α coefficient of each dimension was 0.857~0.954. Conclusion: The evaluation indicators of the Chinese version of QWLQ-CS meet the measurement standards, and can be used to evaluate the work life quality of breast cancer survivors in China.

Objective: To develop a nursing quality monitoring and decision-making system to improve the level of nursing quality management. Methods: A research and development team was established to develop a nursing quality monitoring and decision-making system based on DIKW model, which included four levels: data, information, knowledge, intelligence, to realize the comprehensive collection, information extraction, knowledge provision and intelligent decision-making of nursing quality related data. Before and After 1 year's use of the system, the Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ) was used to investigate the experience of nursing managers and compare the application efficiency of annual nursing quality analysis. Results: After the application of nursing quality monitoring decision system, PSSUQ score was 1.63±0.65. The average score of each item and the average score of the four dimensions showed that the user experience was above average. The time spent by nursing managers on annual quality control analysis was decreased, with statistical difference (P<0.05). The pass rate of quality control scores and the incidence of unplanned extubation in the entire hospital were improved (P<0.05). Conclusion: The nursing quality monitoring and decision system based on DIKW model provides excellent user experience in the system, information, interface quality and overall satisfaction dimensions, and can improve the efficiency of nursing managers' nursing quality control data analysis.

Objective: To develop an information system for Unplanned Extubation assessment and clinical decision-making support, and evaluate its effectiveness. Methods: Based on the Mobile Nursing System in our hospital, we designed an information system for Unplanned Extubation assessment and decision-making support, including risk assessment for Unplanned Extubation and a module to offer support to clinical nursing decision-making according to the risk level, and applied the system to all the units throughout the hospital to explore its effectiveness by analyzing the number of Unplanned Extubations before and after the application of the system. Results: This information system worked well in clinical applications. A total of 38,101 high-risk cases (13.97%) of 272,654 patients and 45,997 extremely high-risk cases (16.87%) were identified hospital-wide. And the number of annual Unplanned Extubations fell from 31 to 15. Conclusion: The information system for Unplanned Extubation assessment and decision-making support can help nurses make more accurate, comprehensive and objective judgements about the risks of Unplanned Extubation and reduce the rate of Unplanned Extubation of patients to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of nursing management.

Objective: Explore the effects of the aquatic therapy on balance and gait function of stroke patients, to provide a basis for the more standardized and effective application of aquatic therapy in clinical practice. Methods: Eight electronic databases, such as PubMed etc. were comprehensively searched from their inception to February 12, 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature, evaluated the quality and extracted information. Revman 5.4.1 software was used to analyze the data after the quality was assessed. Results: A total of 16 Randomized Controlled Trials were finally included. The Meta-analysis results showed that compared with the control group, the experimental group patients who received aquatic therapy intervention had higher Berg Balance Scale and Functional Reach Test scores in terms of balance function, and lower Time Up and Go Test scores; At the same time, the experimental group of patients who received aquatic therapy intervention had faster gait speed, larger stride amplitude, and longer walking distance. Conclusion: The aquatic therapy can significantly improve balance function and walking function of stroke patients.

Objective: To retrieve, evaluate and summarize the relevant evidence of intraoperative non-drug prophylaxis of intraoperative Venous Thromboembolism in surgical patients, and to provide reference for clinical practice. Methods: According to the "6S" model, the top-down search was conducted for articles on non-drug prophylaxis for intraoperative Venous Thromboembolism. The retrieve time limit was from January 1, 2017 to June 1, 2023, and the literature quality evaluation and evidence extraction were completed independently. Results: A total of 26 literatures were included, including 11 guidelines, 4 evidence summaries, 5 systematic reviews, 5 expert consensus, and 1 clinical decision, and 28 pieces of best evidence were summarized in five topics: multidisciplinary team, risk assessment, basic prophylaxis, mechanical prophylaxis, training, and assessment. Conclusion: The summary of evidence is scientific and practical for the non-drug prevention of intraoperative Venous Thromboembolism in patients, and it can provide practical guidance for the intraoperative prevention for medical staff in the operating room and ensure the safety of patients.

Objective: To summarize evidence on the management of xerostomia in patients with terminal cancer, and provide an evidence-based basis for clinical practice. Methods: Based on the "6S" pyramid model of evidence-based resources, the top-down search was conducted for articles on the management of xerostomia in patients with terminal cancer in databases and relevant websites. The retrieval time was from the establishment of database to March 1, 2023. Quality evaluation and evidence extraction of the included literature were conducted independently by 4 researchers trained in evidence-based care systems, and we combined with specialists' advice to summarize the evidence. Results: A total of 12 articles were included, consisting of 5 clinical decisions, 2 guidelines, 3 systematic reviews and 2 expert consensus. Totally 20 pieces of evidence were summarized from 4 aspects of management principles, assessment and screening, non-pharmacological interventions, and pharmacological interventions for xerostomia. Conclusion: The summary of evidence on the management of xerostomia in patients with terminal cancer can provide an evidence-based basis for healthcare professionals to effectively manage patients' xerostomia and oral health-related problems in an appropriate, scientific and prudent way to alleviate patients' discomfort, and improve the quality of hospice services.

Objective: To summarize the relevant evidence on negative pressure wound therapy in patients with diabetic foot ulcers, aiming to establish standardized treatment plans and provide guidance and reference for healthcare professionals in clinical practice. Methods: All relevant content related to negative pressure wound therapy in patients with diabetic foot ulcers in relevant databases, guideline networks and websites of professional associations were systematically retrieved, including clinical decision-making, guidelines, expert consensus, evidence summaries, systematic reviews, and randomized controlled trials. The quality of the literature that met the inclusion criteria was evaluated, and the evidence was extracted and integrated. Results: A total of 12 articles were included, including one clinical decision-making, four guidelines, three expert consensus, one evidence summary, two systematic reviews, and one randomized controlled trial. A total of 20 pieces of evidence were formed in seven dimensions, including application purpose, application time, termination time, negative pressure parameters setting, negative pressure drainage material and replacement, skin protection and effect evaluation. Conclusion: Healthcare professionals should formulate personalized treatment plan according to the clinical evidence of negative pressure wound treatment in patients with diabetic foot ulcers, so as to improve their clinical outcomes.

Psychological safety is the belief that individual could unhesitatingly show their ideas without fear of negative consequences to self-image, status or career. It not only helps encourage nurses voices but also facilitates nursing team learning and innovation. To better understand the importance of psychological safety in clinical nursing, our review summarizes the concept and measurement of psychological safety from the levels of individual, team, and organization, and we also reviews the causes and consequences of psychological safety for nurses, which would provide a reference for psychological safety management in future.

This paper introduced the development background and contents of the bedside mobility assessment tool based on the Safe Patient Handling and Mobility program. The implications for early mobilization of hospitalized patients in China were also proposed. It is hoped that reform of early mobility will be promoted and occupational musculoskeletal injuries among nurses will be effectively prevented during the implementation of early mobilization in clinical practice by referring to others' experience.

Objective: To investigate the post-traumatic growth status of children with accidental injuries and analyze its influencing factors, in order to provide a basis for clinical psychological care. Methods: Children with accidental injuries admitted to a tertiary grade A children's hospital in Beijing from June 2020 to December 2022 were investigated by using the general information questionnaire, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, Revised Posttraumatic Growth Inventory for Children and Perceived Social Support Scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results: The total score of post-traumatic growth in children with accidental injuries was 16.71±9.05. Regression analysis showed that perceived social support, coping style, single parent family or not, caregiver's age, caregiver's educational level, and type of caregivers were the factors that affect the post-traumatic growth of children with accidental injuries (adjusted R2=0.646, F=30.774, P<0.001). Conclusion: The post-traumatic growth of children with accidental injuries is at a moderate level. The influencing factors of post-traumatic growth should be paid attention to in clinical practice, and corresponding nursing intervention strategies should be developed to promote the development of physical and mental health of children with accidental injuries.

This paper reviews the theoretical basis and the pattern of peer support, the effectiveness and the limitations of its application in breast cancer patients with fertility concerns, with the aim of enhancing the attention of healthcare professionals, patients and their families to peer support for fertility issues after cancer, and providing a reference for clinical work.

Objective: To construct a comprehensive intervention program for delirium in severe neurosurgery patients, and to provide reference for systematic and standardized clinical intervention. Methods: Based on the literature review, the first draft of the comprehensive intervention program for delirium in severe neurosurgery patients was developed. From August to September 2022, 15 experts were selected to conduct two rounds of Delphi expert consultation. Combined with expert consultations, the final comprehensive intervention program for delirium in severe neurosurgery patients was developed through discussion by the research panel. Results: The positive coefficients of the two rounds of expert consultation were both 100%. The expert authority coefficient was 0.900; Kendall's coefficient of concordance were 0.194 and 0.131 (P<0.01), respectively. Finally, a comprehensive intervention program for delirium in severe neurosurgical patients was formed, which included 6 categories and 39 interventions. Conclusion: The comprehensive intervention program for delirium in severe neurosurgery patients is reliable and practical, and can provide reference for intervention and nursing of severe neurosurgery patients with delirium.

This article reviews the research progress on family resilience in breast cancer patients from the aspects of its related concepts, measurement tools, research status, influencing factors and intervention strategies, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the future research and development of family resilience interventions for breast cancer patients.

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis is one of the most common inflammatory joint disease in children, and assessing its physical function is an important part of the clinical assessment of children with this disease. This paper reviews the main contents, characteristics and applications of physical function assessment tools for children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis at home and abroad. It is suggested a suitable physical function assessment tool for children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis should be developed in China based on the characteristics of existing tools and the disease characteristics of children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, in order to provide a basis for relevant studies.

This paper summarizes the theoretical mechanism of decision fatigue, reviews the different fields, subjects, and evaluation tools for the decision fatigue of surrogate decision-makers, and points out the importance of preventing or alleviating decision fatigue for them, in order to provide a scientific theoretical basis and a new perspective for the construction of a healthy medical decision-making system.

Decisional involvement is an effective strategy to improve nurses' professional environment and job satisfaction. This paper summarized the current situation of nurses' decisional involvement from the aspects of origin, concept, measurement tools and influencing factors, and provided suggestions for further research and design of intervention measures. It is expected to improve the level of nurses' decisional involvement and leverage the important roles of nurses in nursing management.

The shedding of central venous Catheter-Retated Thrombus may lead to fatal pulmonary embolism. In the early stage of thrombus formation, patients often have no obvious clinical symptoms. Therefore, early identification of high-risk groups is very important. In this paper, published risk prediction models at home and abroad were reviewed from the aspects of the construction process of prediction models, influencing factors of central venous Catheter-Related Thrombosis, evaluation indicators and application effects. Characteristics and limitations of existing prediction models were analyzed to provide references for clinical identification of high-risk patients with central venous Catheter-Related Thrombosis.

Time banking is a way to engage the public with social affairs. At present, time banking functions as an initiative in fostering mutual support for the aged people in China. This paper aims to review the current literatures and analyze the evidence related to the impacts of public participation in time banking on health outcomes, therefore provide evidence and theoretical supports for the localization of time banking in China. This will also assist us to make precise positioning and utilization of the concept in the context of "Big Health" policies.