Medical staff, especially nurses, played an important and irreplaceable role in the overall prevention and control of COVID-19 pandemic. At present, hospital infection is still a great challenge in health care services. The hand hygiene, cleanliness and aseptic techniques are the basic measures for the prevention and control of hospital infection, and they are also fundamental principles for nursing practice. This paper discusses the value of nurses in the hospital infection prevention and control from the important role of nurses in basic infection control, multi-drug resistant bacteria transmission prevention and control, and antibacterial drug management.

Objective: To explore the continuous improvement of hospital infection management and reduce the infection incidence based on the nursing quality control indicators. Methods: Bundled nursing care and checklists for nursing process management were implemented based on the guidance of indicators from monitoring the incidence of central line-associated bloodstream infection, catheter-associated urinary tract infection and ventilator-associated pneumonia nationwide by China National Database of Nursing Quality from 2015 to 2019. Results: From 2016 to 2019, the overall incidence of the above three infection events decreased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion: Strengthen the nursing process management by the guidance of nursing quality indicators is benefit to decrease the incidence of infection events, to improve the hospital infection management and nursing quality.

Objective: To evaluate the application effect of target management theory-based intervention strategy in preventing Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infection (CLABSI) among RICU patients. Methods: Patients with central vascular access devices from the RICU in a tertiary Grade A hospital during Jan 1, 2019 to Dec 31, 2020 were included in this study. The control group with routine nursing care were those during Jan 1, 2019 to Dec 31, 2019, and the intervention group with the target management theory-based intervention strategy on the basis of routine nursing care were during Jan 1, 2020 to Dec 31, 2020. The incidence of CLABSI, and the infection rate of PICC and CVC were compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 256 individuals were enrolled. For all the participants, 9 individuals were suffered from CLABSI, the incidence rate of CLABSI was 4.889‰, and the case infection rate was 4.02%. The incidence rate of CLABSI in the control group was 8.917‰, and 1.894‰ in the intervention group (P=0.043). Both the incidences of CLABSI in PICC catheterization and in CVC catheterization between the two groups were different respectively (P=0.028). Conclusion: The target management theory-based intervention strategy is benefit to decrease the incidence of CLABSI of patients in RICU obviously, to reduce the adverse prognosis, and it is worth to popularize in clinical nursing.

Objective: To explore the application effects of partition mode in endoscopic central. Methods: The partition mode was implemented in endoscopy center from July 2019. The aerosol concentration, the indicators related to infection control and the satisfaction of patients and medical staff to the endoscopy center layout were evaluated and compared before and after the partition mode. Results: The concentration of microbial aerosol and the indicators related to infection control in the endoscopic drying room were significantly lower than those in the endoscopic washing room, and the satisfaction of patients and medical staff to the layout of endoscopic central increased after the implementation of partition mode. Conclusion: The layout design of endoscopy center with partition mode can effectively reduce the risk of hospital infections, improve the work experience of medical staff, demonstrate the professional value of clinical nurses, and significantly improve the patients' experience and satisfaction.

Objective: To explore risk factors which can predict the recurrence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). Methods: We evaluated women who experienced GDM in the previous pregnancy and had the subsequent pregnancy in our hospital between January 2010 and March 2020. A total of 269 women were finally included, 132 women with recurrent GDM were enrolled into the experiment group, while 137 women without recurrent GDM as the control group. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the independent risk factors of recurrent GDM and the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to evaluate the predictive values. Results: The frequency of recurrent GDM in subsequent pregnancies was 49.1%. Logistic regression revealed that both neonatal birthweight in the index pregnancy and weight change between pregnancies were independent predictors of recurrent GDM (P<0.001). Moreover, the Area Under the Curve (AUC) of neonatal birthweight in the index pregnancy and weight change between pregnancies for predicting recurrent GDM were 0.684 and 0.702 respectively, the AUC of these two combined factors was 0.760. Conclusion: GDM is a common complication with high recurrence, targeted nursing interventions should be carried out to reduce recurrence risks and improve the pregnancy outcomes.

Objective: To explore the heterogeneous trajectories and the predicting factors of sleep among the elderly in nursing homes. Methods: A total of 353 elders from 27 nursing homes were surveyed using the Athens Insomnia Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, Verbal Rating Scale for pain, Lubben Social Network Scale and Activity Participation Questionnaire at baseline and after 6 months and 12 months during the follow-up period. The sleep trajectories of the elderly were explored by Latent Class Growth Analysis. Results: A total of 277 participants completed at least two surveys and the data was included in the analysis. Four sleep trajectories were identified: good sleep (78.0%), insomnia and deteriorated (9.0%), insomnia but improved (7.9%) and maintaining severe insomnia (5.1%); the results of Logistic regression analysis showed that age, depression, pain, activity participation and social network could predict sleep trajectories. Conclusion: The heterogeneous trajectories existed in the sleep of elders in nursing homes. Those who were older, more depressed, with lower activity participation and with more serious pain, were more likely to worsening their insomnia. Participants with less social network tended to suffer maintaining more severe insomnia. It is necessary to identify different sleep trajectories among the elders in nursing homes, and effective targeted interventions should be taken to improve their sleep status and the quality of life.

Objective: To investigate the status and influencing factors of Cancer Related-Fatigue (CRF) in children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). Methods: From December 2018 to September 2019, 102 cases of ALL children in two tertiary grade A hospitals in Zhejiang province were selected using convenience sampling. The general data questionnaire and PedsQLTM Multidimensional Fatigue Scale were used for investigation. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of CRF. Results: The incidence of cancer-related fatigue in children with ALL was 98.04%, the mean score of CRF was (57.24±14.27). The scores of general fatigue, sleep fatigue, and cognitive fatigue were (51.88±21.01), (57.15±15.72), and (62.70±17.76). Multiple liner regression showed that age, clinical risk classification, related symptom clusters, activity patterns, and the length of time using electronic products were the influencing factors (P<0.05), which can explain 31.0% of the total variation. Conclusion: The prevalence of CRF among children with ALL was at high level. Clinical nursing staff should pay more attention to adolescents with ALL, high-risk group, and gastrointestinal symptom group; arrange the children's exercise reasonably, and control the length of time using electronic products to reduce their CRF level.

Objective: To construct indicators of discharge readiness for patients with enterostomy, so as to provide reference for the content and evaluation of discharge readiness. Methods: The indicators of discharge readiness were determined by the following methods: comprehensive literature retrieval, semi-structured interviews with patients with enterostomy and two rounds of consultation with 25 experts by using Delphi method. The weight of each indicator was set by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Results: The 25 experts were all Enterostomal Therapists. The return rates of the two rounds of expert consultation forms were 100%. The expert authority coefficient was 0.965. The Kendall coefficient was 0.351 and 0.194, respectively (P<0.01). There were 30 indicators: three for Level 1, eight for Level 2 and 19 for Level 3. Conclusion: The indicators of discharge readiness for patients with enterostomy constructed in this study is scientific and reliable, which will be verified in clinical practice in the next step, so as to provide theoretical and practical basis for the further improvement of discharge readiness of patients with enterostomy.

Objective: To investigate the status quo of dietary management of children with GSDI. Methods: A convenient sample of 76 children with GSDI aged 3-18 years and their parents from pediatric outpatients of a Beijing tertiary grade A hospital were investigated with a self-designed dietary management questionnaire. Results: Totally 10 children (13.2%) had consulted a dietitian, 7 (9.2%) had strictly followed the nutrition prescription, and 65 (85.5%) could follow the basic principles of dietary control. The total intake of three meals, the intake of staple food, and the intake of other kinds of food which could be reasonably provided according to the nutrition prescription and the condition of blood glucose, accounted for 9.2%, 19.7% and 7.9% respectively. Only 11 (14.5%) children could always or often choose coarse grains, and 4 (5.3%) could always or often regard high-starch food as the staple food. Conclusion: There are many malnutrition problems in children with GSD I, which are related to their poor dietary management. Most of the children do not control their diet or only follow the dietary principles, and the collocation of three meals can not meet their energy and nutrient requirements. In the future, medical staff should provide more targeted and specific dietary guidance.

Objective: To adapt and test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of ICU Nurses' Alarm Fatigue Questionnaire. Methods: Translation, back translation and cultural adjustment of the English version of the ICU Nurse Alarm Fatigue Scale to determine the dimensions and items of the Chinese version of the scale. A convenience sample of 296 ICU nurses were investigated. The results were analyzed to test the reliability and validity of the scale. Results: The Chinese version of ICU Nurse Alarm Fatigue Questionnaire includes 13 items. Four common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 59.568%. The S-CVI/Ave of the scale level was 0.920, and I-CVI of the item level was 0.830~1.000; the Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.771, and the test-retest reliability was 0.966. There was a significant difference in the score of the scale between night shift nurses and non-night shift nurses (P<0.001). Conclusion: The Chinese version of ICU Nurses' Alarm Fatigue Questionnaire has good reliability and validity, which can be used to evaluate the alarm fatigue level of ICU nurses in China.

Objective: Integrating the best available evidence, based on China's national situation and clinical situation, we formed an evidence-based practice program for postpartum pelvic floor rehabilitation management. Methods: Based on the theory of the KTA model, we established an evidence-based practice research group. Through literature research and clinical status surveys, we determined research problem, retrieved, evaluated, and integrated the relevant evidence, conducted clinical applicability, identified the obstacles of evidence transformation, formulated the corresponding action strategies, and completed the construction of evidence-based practice plans for postpartum pelvic floor rehabilitation management. Results: A total of 7 evidence-based guidelines, 4 evidence summaries, and 3 expert consensuses were included, which were used to construct the evidence-based practice program of postpartum pelvic floor rehabilitation management. The main contents of the program included team management principles, training plans, management processes and an education manual. Conclusion: The evidence-based practice program constructed in this study is based on the best evidence, and fully considers the values and wishes of stakeholders in the specific clinical situation. The content of the scheme is comprehensive, easy to understand, and the recommendations are clear, which can provide reference and guidance for clinical postpartum pelvic floor rehabilitation management.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of exercise training based on Virtual Reality on fall prevention in the older adults. Methods: Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) regarding the effects of Virtual Reality for fall prevention in the elderly were collected in CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Results: A total of 12 RCTs involving 542 older adults were included. The results of Meta-analysis showed that the gait and dynamic and static balance function of older adults in the virtual reality training group were significantly better than those in the traditional interventional group (P<0.05). However, no significant effects of such training on the muscle strength of the lower extremities and the fear of falls were found in the older adults (P>0.05). Conclusion: The Virtual Reality training can improve the gait and dynamic and static balance function of the older adults, and reduce their risk of fall. However, there are still controversies on improving lower limb muscle strength and reducing fear of falls in the older adults, which needs to be further verified by studies.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions on neck and shoulder pain relief. Methods: A systematic search of the online databases included PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, CBM, CNKI and WanFang Data was conducted from the inception of database to July 2020. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted related data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Results: A total of 15 studies (n=1 185) were identified, involving 8 non-pharmacological interventions which include routine care, acupuncture, physical therapy, Pilates, yoga, massage, VR therapy and exercise therapy. The network Meta-analysis results showed that the effects of the eight non-pharmacological interventions in releasing neck and shoulder pain were statistically significant (P<0.05). According to the Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking (SUCRA), the probability ranking in a descending order is identified as physical therapy, VR therapy, acupuncture, routine care, exercise therapy, massage, yoga, Pilates. In examining the effect of improving cervical spine dysfunction in patients with neck and shoulder pain, the difference between exercise therapy and yoga, Pilates, and acupuncture is statistically significant (P<0.05); and based on the SUCRA, the probability ranking in descending order is exercise therapy, physical therapy, routine care, massage, yoga, Pilates, acupuncture. Conclusion: In releasing pain and cervical spine dysfunction in patients with neck and shoulder pain, physical therapy and exercise therapy are identified as the most advantaged methods according to our analysis, with their curative effect showing good applicability. In the future, nurses may give priority to the application of physical therapy and exercise therapy in clinical practice.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the experiences of the family members of patients using ICU diary. Methods: Chinese and English databases including PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP were searched for qualitative studies related to the impact of ICU diaries on critically ill patients and families from inception to March 2020. Two researchers independently screened, evaluated, and extracted the data. Meta synthesis was used to summarize and explain the results. Results: A total of 7 studies were included, 33 findings were integrated into 6 categories and finally 3 synthesized results were summarized: building a bridge of communication, obtaining emotional experience and experiencing humanistic care. Conclusion: The application of ICU diaries embodies the theory of holistic patient-and family-centered care, which fulfilled needs of family members of critically ill patients with information and support.

Objective: To describe and analyze the comprehensive flexible off-peak work mode in nursing when assisting Hubei Province in ICU during the outbreak of the COVID-19, in order to make scientific and rational use of the existing nursing human resources and provide references for future use. Methods: Problems and deficiencies of nursing management in the ICU taken over in the outbreak center were analyzed, on the basis of which the management structure was established. Then nurses from different departments were rounded up and reassigned to specialized positions according to the off-peak work mode. Results: The satisfaction survey showed that the satisfaction towards group scheduling, 6-hour working system, off-peak working, and flexible scheduling and shift preparation was 92.55%, 64.89%, 95.75% and 97.88%, respectively 84.05% of nurses surveyed reported that they were able to adapt to such a working mode. Conclusion: The flexible off-peak working mode is conducive to ensuring the safety of nursing staff, reasonably allocating nursing human resources, and standardizing the nursing work flow in ICU.

This paper summarized the emergency drill procedure for COVID-19 in a Grade III Level A hospital. Based on PDCA management concept, the procedure included four parts: drill design, drill implementation, drill evaluation and continuous improvement. It was practiced in Intensive Care Unit(ICU), so as to improve the emergency response ability of nurses, and emergency management level of similar major respiratory infectious diseases.

In order to ensure the occupational safety of front-line nurses and reduce the transmission risk in medical institutions, our hospital set up a post of protective supervision nurses in February 2020. We formulated the working system and post responsibilities, and defined the clinical practice requirements of the protective supervision nurses. After the implementation, the medical staff were supervised to wear and take off personal protective equipment for more than 37000 times, take protective behavior for more than 45000 times, monitor the concentration of disinfectant for more than 380 times, and collect various samples for infection management for more than 230 times. The correct rate of using personal protective equipment, wearing and taking off personal protective equipment and taking protective behavior for nurses increased from 82.13% to 96.35%, 85.31% to 98.73% and 88.32% to 97.68%, respectively. No infection among the nurses was reported in the ward. The establishment of protective supervision nurses has played a positive role in the personal protection of front-line nurses.

Improving breastfeeding behavior, and extending the duration of breastfeeding has become a global strategy to promote maternal and child health. Based on the basic concept of the theory of planned behavior, this paper summarizes the influencing factors, evaluation tools, and intervention measures of breastfeeding. Nurses can carry out early evaluation and intervention of breastfeeding according to the theory of planned behavior, so as to improve the rate of breastfeeding and extend the duration of breastfeeding.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of post-ICU clinic service. Methods: We established a post-ICU clinic, adopted the medical-nursing collaborative diagnosis and treatment mode, comprehensively evaluated patients discharged from the ICU, developed rehabilitation plans and guide implementation, specialist referral when necessary, and provided dynamic continuous nursing services. Results: Totally 146 patients were followed up, including 346 cases of health assessment, 334 cases of exercise program guidance and daily living ability training, 214 cases of respiratory training and 379 cases of health guidance since the clinic was opened. The rehospitalization rate was lower than the telephone follow-up patients (P<0.05). The rate of returning to work was higher than the telephone follow-up group (P<0.05). Patients' satisfaction was 99.07%. The visiting nurses believed that the post-ICU clinic was helpful to improve their ability to deal with professional problems. Conclusion: Post-ICU clinic can effectively solve the rehabilitation problems of discharged patients from ICU, which is conducive to the recovery of patients' physical and social functions, improves patients' satisfaction and nurses' professional ability.

Objective: To develop a volume management program for patients with Chronic Heart Failure (CHF), aiming at improving the self-care ability and the current status of disease management of CHF patients. Methods: Domestic and oversea databases were used to obtain evidence of CHF patient volume management. The appraisal of literature was conducted according to Jonna Briggs Institute 2014 evidence grading and quality evaluation methods. Ultimately, the volume management program for CHF patients was developed. The program included several strategies, such as defining the evaluation standard of volume imbalance, training medical staff in volume management knowledge, training self-care ability of patients and caregivers, making individualized discharge plans for the transition period, and implementing self-management at home by "online and offline". The program was implemented from July to December, 2018. The self-care ability of CHF patients, the dry weight success rate, the readmission rate within 30 days of discharge were compared with those from January to June, 2018. Results: After the implementation, the self-care maintenance, self-care management, and self-care confidence scores of Self-Care of Heart Failure Index (SCHFI) and the dry weight success rate within 30 days of discharge in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group; and the readmission rate within 30 days of discharge in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group. All differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The volume management program for patients with chronic heart failure can effectively enhance patients' self-management ability and improve patients' health outcomes.

Objective: To develop a mobile learning evaluation system for emergency care and provide an effective way to carry out diversified learning evaluation. Methods: The WeChat applet platform was used to develop a mobile learning evaluation system emergency care; through online education for students on emergency rescue, a development evaluation system was applied to evaluate the use effect and satisfaction. Results: The students' knowledge was improved after taking the online courses. By strengthening the process of formative evaluation, the scores of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, wrapping techniques, suffocation rescue, earthquake and fire of the two groups were statistically different (P<0.05). The final theoretical scores of the two groups were statistically different (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in practical scores (P>0.05). The students' satisfaction with the mobile learning evaluation system's teaching design, answering forms, and time settings was 100%, and the overall arrangement was 97.87%. Conclusion: According to the characteristics and preferences of students, the development of the mobile learning evaluation based on online games can promote education and teaching reform, and improve students' interest and learning effect.

Objective: To evaluate the applicability and adherenceof the application of the intelligent health management software Sinusitis Rehabilitation APP for patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Methods: From October 2018 to March 2019, a convenient sampling method was used to investigate user experience of 304 patients who had used the Sinusitis Rehabilitation APP in a tertiary grade A hospital in Beijing. Results: A total of 304 patients participated in this study, with the total score of 71~170 (149.16±18.85) points and scores of 20-23 points in 7 dimensions of APP's applicability. Among the research subjects, 168 cases (55.3%) used the APP frequently, 104 cases (34.2%) used the APP occasionally, and 32 cases (10.5%) used the APP rarely. Among them, 100 cases (32.9%) used the APP for 5-10 minutes each time, 144 cases (47.4%) used the APP for 11-30 minutes each time, and 60 cases (19.7%) used the APP for over 30 minutes each time. The application frequency of each module ranked from high to low were: knowledge education, follow up and medication reminder, group ranking, weekly symptom self-evaluation, interactive platform, and questionnaire survey. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study show that the Sinusitis Rehabilitation APP embodies the characteristics of easy-to-use and convenient operation, and has good applicability and adherence.

Objective: To construct the Quality Index System of the elements of new PICC maintenance network in the primary medical institutions. Methods: The Delphi method was used to conduct two-rounds expert consultation with 15 experts in the fields of management of primary medical institutions, intravenous treatment management and PICC. Results: The positive coefficient of experts was 100%, and the authority coefficient of experts was 0.885. The coordination coefficients of two-round expert consultation were 0.219 and 0.235 respectively, and the significance test was P<0.05. The final establishment of the element Quality Index System includes 6 first level indicators and 18 second level indicators. Conclusion: Experts have high level of initiative and authority for consultation. Besides, the scores given by experts are consistent. The Quality Index System for the elements of the new PICC maintenance network in primary medical institutions is relatively reliable, which can be used for the access evaluation of PICC technology and the allocation of health resources in primary medical institutions.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of continuous quality improvement in optimizing clinical nurses' satisfaction with the use of Automated Dispensing Cabinet (ADC), and the convenience and safety of nurses' access to medicines. Methods: A team was set up to investigate and analyze the use of ADC, and formulate improvement measures for the main problems. Nurses implement continuous quality improvement and evaluate the effects. Results: From April 2015 to December 2019, 20 major problems were discovered, and 40 quality improvements and 3 new processes were made for it, and 4 processes were revised. After continuous quality improvement, nurses were satisfied with the rationality of drug placement, the accuracy of drug identification, the convenience of drug access, the safety of anesthesia and first-class psychoactive drugs access, and the overall satisfaction of drug access system (P<0.05). The time for nurses to take temporary medicine order was shortened from (5.19±1.12) min to (4.61±0.93) min (P<0.05), and the time for temporary medical order withdrawal was shortened from (3.59±1.20) min to (2.89±1.10) min (P<0.05). The incidence of nurses taking medicine errors was reduced from 0.7% to 0.3% (P<0.05). Conclusion: After continuous improvement of improving the use of ADC, the medicine storage method and the clinical nursing medication process were optimized. The convenience and safety of clinical nursing medication was improved, and the closed management of the nursing medication process was realized.

This article interpreted the Clinical Practice Standards for Arterial Blood Gas Analysis in Children issued in 2020, which mainly included the standardization of arterial blood specimen collection preparation, collection operations, and prevention of complications, etc. It is expected to ensure the accuracy of arterial blood gas analysis results, and provide guidance for clinical operation.

This article summarized the research progress of the dietary management of defecation dysfunction among patients with rectal cancer after the sphincter-saving surgery, including the mechanisms and nursing strategies of defecation dysfunction, the relationship of diet and defecation dysfunction and the requirements of controlling the defecation dysfunction by the dietary management. It was suggested to explore the dietary-related factors which contribute to defecation dysfunction, aiming at providing evidence for clinical nurses to adopt scientific dietary management strategies for the better control of the defecation dysfunction, thus, ultimately improve the quality of life of patients with rectal cancer after the sphincter-saving surgery.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for prevention and control of acute respiratory infections in geriatric wards. Methods: A standardized management team with a core of medical staff was established for acute respiratory infectious diseases. SOP was developed by this team and applied to the prevention and control management of acute respiratory infectious diseases in geriatric wards. Related indicators were evaluated before and after implementation. Results: After the implementation of SOP, the number of acute respiratory tract nosocomial infections in the ward decreased from 4 to 0. The number of nosocomial infection management problems was reduced from 9 to 2. In addition, the knowledge of nosocomial infection among medical staffs, caregivers and cleaners had been improved. The qualified rate of nasal and throat swab specimens collected by medical staff had been increased. The hand hygiene compliance of caregivers, cleaners and accompanies and the standard wearing rate of masks had been enhanced. And the differences of these results were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: SOP is able to effectively improve the quality of prevention and control of hospital infection in wards and standardize the behavior of all types of personnel, thus reducing the incidence of nosocomial infections, and ensuring the hospitalization safety of patients and the occupational safety of medical staff.

Based on the introduction of the current situation of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training in patients with Postpartum Stress Urinary Incontinence, this paper reviewed the influencing factors and coping strategies of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training. It is expected to provide reference for pelvic floor rehabilitation programs during pregnancy and childbirth.

Objective: To investigate the current situation of pain management of wound dressing changes in outpatient and emergency children. Methods: A self-designed questionnaire was applied to investigate the nursing managers of outpatient and emergency wound dressing rooms in 31 provinces. Results: A total of 109 hospitals were investigated. Totally 91.7% of the hospitals had wound care team, and 41.3% of the hospitals had specialist nurses to provide wound care. The proportion of hospitals without pain assessment, pain record or pain health education was 33.0%, 34.9% and 26.6%, respectively. In 77.1% of hospitals, analgesia was insufficient. The main disadvantage of pain management were insufficient knowledge of pain management of the wound dressing staff, imperfect pain management system and low medication compliance of the family members. Conclusion: The organizational system for pain management of children's wound dressing changes is mostly effective, while the specific measures need to be standardized, and the analgesic effect need to be improved. It is recommended to standardize pain management procedures, enhance the effectiveness of analgesic measures, and solve the obstacles to pain management in order to improve the experience of wound dressing changes.

Return to work is an important indicator to measure whether patients with myocardial infarction have fully recovered and successfully integrated into society. This article reviewed the current status of return to work among patients with myocardial infarction at home and abroad, and reviewed the factors of return to work from six aspects: sociodemographic factors, clinical factors, occupation related factors, self-reported health, anxiety and depression, and social support. It introduced intervention methods such as exercise rehabilitation, psychological intervention, health education, and occupational rehabilitation. It is expected to provide references for medical staff to construct occupational rehabilitation programs for patients with myocardial infarction and promote the reconstruction of their social roles.

This article reviewed the current status of hypoglycemia predicting models for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients, aiming to provide scientific and theoretical basis for the construction of localized and practical hypoglycemia predicting models in China.

The proper integration of the Safe Patient Handling and Mobility (SPHM) plan and the early activities of ICU patients can not only reduce the injuries caused by nursing staff due to frequent handling or moving of patients, but also help patients to carry out early activities as soon as possible. Therefore, this article reviews the application progress of the SPHM program in the early mobility of ICU patients, including an overview of the SPHM program, the integration process with the ICU early mobility and the application effects, and introduces the challenges and existing problems of the SPHM program. It aims to provide reference for domestic ICUs to improve the early mobility development rate and prevent nursing staff injuries.

Ambient Assisted Living technology is an emerging technology based on environmental intelligence, which provides the possibility for the elderly to live independently. This paper summarized and analyzed the research on the application of Ambient Assisted Living technology in the elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment, so as to provide a reference for the application of Ambient Assisted Living technology in people with cognitive impairment in China.

In this paper, we firstly introduced the typical national emergency management systems abroad, and then summarized the achievements and challenges of the health emergency management system in our country, finally put forward our strategies and suggestions to improve the emergency management system of public health emergencies: improve public health emergency preparedness; accelerate the reform and improvement of the disease control and prevention system; improve the early warning system in response to public health emergencies; increase the capacity for healthcare about major epidemics disease; strengthen the legal guarantee for the emergency management of health emergencies.