Objective: To appraise the methodological quality of quantitative Systematic Reviews (SR) published in Chinese nursing core journals in recent five years, thus, to provide references for researchers and peer reviewers to standardize the development and publication of SR. Methods: An electronic literature search was performed in China National Knowledge Infrastructure and WanFang database to identify SR published from 2015 to 2019. A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2) was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included SR. Results: A total of 507 SR were included. The results showed that 80.9% was in very low confident level. The main problems were lack of protocols (98.8%), inadequate consideration and discussion of publication bias (71.4%), insufficient search strategies (55.8%), unspecific of definition of each element of PICO (41.4%). Conclusion: The methodological quality of SR in nursing field needs to be further improved with the efforts of researchers and peer reviewers, especially in protocol registration, consideration of publication bias and search strategies.

Objective: To evaluate the quality of published Systematic Review and Meta-synthesis of qualitative studies in China. Method: The key terms Meta-synthesis OR qualitative synthesis were used to search published papers in Sinomed, CNKI, Wanfang Data and VIP from January 2014 to February 2020. Topics, methodology quality based on CERQual, reporting quality based on ENTREQ Statement were analyzed. Results: A total of 48 meta synthesis papers were included. Topics covered a variety of areas in humanistic care. More efforts were needed to emphasize on improving discussion of methodological limitations, relevance, coherence and adequacy of synthesis data. The reporting quality was relatively good. However, specific training programs should be developed to improve awareness of reporting quality, including how to propose adequate PICo, develop searching strategies, analyze the impact of research quality on synthesis results, present synthesis result-category-finding structure, as well as propose suggestions for further studies. Conclusion: Systematic Review and Meta-synthesis of qualitative studies provides rich evidence for health decision making, particularly in nursing areas which focus more on patient-centered care. Systematic training programs should be developed to improve overall quality of Systematic Review and Meta-synthesis of qualitative studies.

Objective: To explore the progress of the kinds, methodological quality and reporting quality of Systematic Reviews published in Chinese nursing core journals from 2015 to 2019. Methods: The JBI approach to the conduct of scoping reviews was followed. Results: Totally 740 studies were included. They were quantitative Systematic Reviews, qualitative Systematic Reviews, umbrella reviews, and Scoping Reviews. Totally 68.2% articles formulated research questions with all key elements. The average number of databases searched was 7.29±2.15 per article. The most popular databases searched were CNKI (95.5%) in Chinese and PubMed/Medline (92.8%) in English. Only 19.1% studies searched grey literature. The most popular critical appraisal tool was the Cochrane tool, followed by the JBI tools. More information should be provided in the report. Conclusion: The amount of Systematic Reviews published in Chinese nursing core journals increased steadily from 2015 to 2019. A variety of Systematic Reviews were conducted. The methodological quality and reporting quality of Systematic Reviews should be improved greatly, so that stronger evidences could be provided to enhance evidence-based nursing in China.

Objective: To retrieve relevant domestic databases, analyze common methodology problems in evidence summary in nursing based on the core elements of evidence summary made by Joanna Briggs Institute and explore writing skills so as to provide reference for producing evidence summary. Methods: The "evidence summary" was used as the key term to search the evidence summary papers published in CNKI, Wanfang Data and VIP in recent 5 years. The common methodology problems were summarized and the corresponding processing strategy and writing skills were discussed. Results: A total of 78 evidence summary papers were included. The common methodology problems included selection of evidence-based questions, retrieval of evidence, inclusion and exclusion criteria, evidence evaluation, evidence classification, and the recommendation level. Conclusion: Standardized evidence summary and reporting methods will facilitate clinical decision-making.

Objective: To evaluate the quality of clinical nursing practice guidelines in China. Methods: Two researchers searched domestic and foreign databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, CNKI, China Biomedical Abstracts Database (CBM), Wanfang Database, VIP Chinese Sci-tech Journals Database (VIP) and related websites from inception until July 31, 2019. The quality of the included guidelines was evaluated by using the evaluation tool for Chinese clinical practice guidelines (AGREE-China), the RIGHT list and the implementation evaluation tool for guidelines (GLIA 2.0). Results: A total of 20 guidelines were included. The average score of AGREE-China was 71.71 ±13.16. The overall reporting rates of the RIGHT list were between 0 and 100.0%. In the results of implementation evaluation, the highest coincidence rate of a single guideline was 100.0%, and the lowest was 60.0%. Conclusion: The overall quality of Chinese nursing clinical practice guidelines is good, but there are few reports on effectiveness / safety, autonomy and types of conflict of interest.

Objective: To explore the status quo, quality of evidence, methods and contents of evidence implementation in nursing field in China. Methods: Four Chinese electronic databases were searched using keywords related to evidence implementation. All the literature was selected based on inclusion criteria and analyzed following a framework of Scoping Review proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. Results: A total of 152 articles were included. 95.4% of articles were published after 2015, 92.1% were published in journals related to nursing, 27.0% provided systematic searching strategies, 43.3% assessed the methodological quality of included articles. Yet, 74.3% did not assess the clinical applicability of evidence. Symptom management was the most popular topic of evidence implementation, which was up to 39.5%. 87.5% of articles adopted pre- and post-test study design to evaluate the effects of evidence implementation. All the literature developed multi-interventions, including evidence-based (42.1%) and barriers-based interventions (57.9%). 73.7% adopted multi-indicators for outcome evaluation while only 7.2% advocated for the continued evidence implementation. Conclusion: The amount of studies related to evidence implementation in nursing field in China has been increasing in recent years. However, quality of evidence and study methods of evidence implementation should be strengthened. It is recommended that strategies should be taken to promote continued evidence implementation.

Objective: To analyze the current situation and risk factors of unplanned readmission of comprehensive ICU, and to develop and verify the risk predict model of unplanned readmission to ICU. Methods: The data of patients discharged from comprehensive ICU of a tertiary grade A hospital in Zhenjiang from January 2015 to April 2019 was collected. The data was divided into modeling set and validation set. Binary Logistics regression was used to analysis the data, and the model was examined by ROC curve. The grouped data was used to verify the sensitivity and specificity of the model. Results: A total of 805 patients were included, 42 patients readmitted to the ICU after the initial transfer within 30 days. The readmission rate was 5.2%. The main cause of readmission was respiratory failure. The results of binary Logistics regression showed that age (OR=1.029), admission diagnosis of respiratory diseases (OR=5.625), secondary intubation (OR=12.290), and SOFA score (OR=1.368) are independent risk factors for unplanned readmission to ICU (P<0.05), AUC=0.884. The maximum value of the Youden index was 0.658, and the corresponding sensitivity was 91.9%, the specificity was 73.9%. The cutoff value was 0.033. The independent data verification result showed that AUC=0.806, the sensitivity was 80.0%, and the specificity was 62.3%. Conclusion: The risk prediction model had a good predictive effect on the risk of unplanned readmission to comprehensive ICU, which can evaluate the risk before transferring from the ICU, and provide reference for preventive treatment and nursing intervention.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Mechanical Bowel Preparation on postoperative gastric cancer patients under the concept of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery. Methods: Gastric cancer patients undergoing radical surgery were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group did not receive Mechanical Bowel Preparation before surgery. The control group performed bowel intestinal preparation before surgery. Then we investigated the differences between the two groups on the recovery after operation. Results: The incidence of postoperative electrolyte disorders was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group, and there were no significant differences between the two groups in other complications, the recovery of gastrointestinal function, laboratory indicators of infection, and postoperative body temperature. Conclusion: Under the concept of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery, preoperative Mechanical Bowel Preparation will not reduce the incidence of complications after radical gastrectomy, nor will it accelerate the recovery of gastrointestinal function in patients, but will increase the risk of electrolyte disorders after surgery.

Objective: To investigate the current status and influencing factors of self-care behaviors of lumbar disc among young and middle-aged patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation. Methods: Totally 526 young and middle-aged patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation from tertiary hospitals in Fuzhou and Putian were recruited and surveyed by a self-designed demographic questionnaire and the Oswestry Disability Index(ODI). Univariate analysis as well as multiple liner regression analysis were used, and we also analyzed the correlation among the self-care behaviors of lumbar disc and the level of disability. Results: The average score of self-care behaviors of lumbar disc among young and middle-aged patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation was 86.49±14.04 with the mean percentile 52.42±8.51, which was at low level. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the, occupation, course of disease, degree of self-concern about disease and level of disease cognition were major influencing factors (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis show that the level of self-care behaviors of lumbar disc has negative correlation with the level of disability (r=-0.329, P<0.001). Conclusion: The level of self-care behaviors of lumbar disc among young and middle-aged patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation is low and needs to be improved. Medical staff should provide patients with education on self-care of lumbar disc, guide them to master self-care skills, improve the level of dysfunction in patients, and help them to realize self-rehabilitation.

Objective: To explore the influencing factors of willingness to participate in community mutual aid pension. Methods: We investigated 498 community elderly people's willingness to participate in community mutual aid pension, demographic data, Barthel index, simplified Chinese version of UCLA Loneliness Scale and Social Dysfunction Screening Scale, and analyze the factors affecting their willingness, especially the psycho-social factors. Results: About 60.2% of the elderly in community were willing to try community mutual aid pension. The results of regression analysis showed that age, educational level, loneliness score and social participation were the independent influencing factors for the elderly's willingness to participate in community mutual aid pension (P<0.05). Conclusion: More than half of the elderly in the community are willing to participate in community mutual aid pension. In order to promote the implementation of this model, we should focus on improving the level of loneliness and social participation of the elderly, and the government and community staff should strengthen the relevant publicity and education.

Objective: To translate the English version of Spiritual Attitude and Involvement List (SAIL) into Chinese and to test the reliability and validity of the SAIL (Chinese version) in patients with advanced cancer. Methods: The translation and culturally adaptation of SAIL were performed. A total of 258 advanced cancer patients were recruited and investigated by the scale, and the reliability and validity of the scale were analyzed. Results: The results of the item analysis indicated that the critical ratio of each item was statistically significant (P<0.001). The average content validity of the scale was 1.00. Six common factors were extracted by the exploratory factor analysis with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 64.045%. The Cronbach's α of the scale was 0.911 and resurveyed kappa value was 0.809. Conclusion: The Chinese version of SAIL has good reliability and validity, and it can be used for the evaluation the spirituality of patients with advanced cancer.

Objective: To investigate the discharge preparation and its influencing factors of patients after cardiac valve replacement. Methods: Totally 139 patients after cardiac valve replacement were investigated during Sep. 2018 to March 2019 by general data, discharge preparation scale and discharge guidance quality scale. Results: The total score of discharge preparation of patients after cardiac valve replacement was (89.51±8.53), and it was positively correlated with the quality of discharge guidance. The multivariate regression analysis results showed that the current caregivers, marital status, work status, characteristics of medication, and quality of discharge guidance were the influencing factors of discharge preparation. Conclusion: The discharge preparation of patients after cardiac valve replacement needs to be improved, and the patients' perceived personal status was not ideal. Nurses should encourage patients to cooperate in early rehabilitation, and take effective interventions to meet the needs of patients and their families to improve the discharge preparation of patients.

Objective: To explore the construction of a nursing team in tight-knit medical alliance under the background of precision assistance and to summarize the effects of team building. Methods: Analyze the status of nursing units in the tight-knit medical alliance, construct the nursing management system and training system, which were characterized by homogeneity and synchronization, and summarize the experience of building a nursing team in tight-knit medical alliance under the background of precision assistance. Results: The homogeneous and synchronous management system was developed in the assisted nursing unit, and the nursing management level and nursing care level have been significantly improved after one year of intervention. Conclusion: Accurate assistance has played an important role in the construction of nursing team in tight-knit medical alliance.

Objective: To investigate the current situation of occupational gender stereotypes, professional identity and career planning of male nurses. Method: A total of 143 male nurses from three general hospitals in Fujian Province were investigated using Gender Stereotype Questionnaire for Nurses, Identity Rating Scale for Nurses, and Career Planning Questionnaire for Nurses. Results: Male nurses 'gender stereotypes score was 3.65±1.00, and there were occupational gender stereotypes. The male nurse's professional identity score was 111.2±19.50, which was the average level of recognition. The male nurse's career planning score was 90.29±13.14, which was the average level of career planning. Male nurses' occupational gender stereotypes were negatively related to professional identity and career assignments respectively (r= -0.385, P<0.001; r=-0.356, P<0.001). Conclusion: Male nurses have occupational gender stereotyping, which is negatively related to the identity of nursing profession and career planning. It is expected to provide information for improving the career development of male nurses.

This paper analyzes and summarizes five theoretical models of the second victim recovery path in foreign countries in order to provide enlightenment for the development and construction of the second victim recovery theory model in the context of patient safety culture in China. This article helps to improve the relevant scholars' overall understanding on the general rule of second victim recovery, and provides a theoretical framework for subsequent targeted intervention research and practice.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of LEARNS model on health education intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Three hundred and seven patients with type 2 diabetes in the endocrinology department of a tertiary grade-A hospital were divided into the experimental group and the control group according to different wards during June to December 2018. LEARNS model for health education intervention was applied to the experimental group while the control group used the regular education mode. Questionnaires on diabetes knowledge, self-management efficacy, and subjective well-being were administered before and after three-month intervention. Results: After three months of intervention, scores of diabetes knowledge questionnaires for both groups were increased significantly (P<0.01). Scores of diabetes self-management efficacy scale and subjective well-being scale after intervention for the experimental group increased significantly compared with those before intervention (P<0.01), while it is not true for the control group (P>0.05). Conclusion: Applying LEARNS model to implement health education can not only help patients improve their knowledge of diabetes, but also significantly enhance their self-management efficacy of diabetes and improve their subjective well-being. Therefore, LEARNS model can be applied to clinical practice.

Objective: To design a limb dysfunction management APP in patients with craniocerebral injury and evaluate the effects of application. Methods: Totally 80 patients with craniocerebral injury admitted from January to June in 2017 were treated as the control group and received routine nursing care and health education, while 80 patients were included in the experimental group from July to December in 2017, and limb dysfunction management APP was applied. Results: The improvement of limb dysfunction in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05), and the knowledge level of patients with craniocerebral injury in the experimental group was higher than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The limb dysfunction management APP makes the nursing assessment more scientific, improves the effect of health education, and standardizes the nursing process, which is an effective management tool for the limb dysfunction of patients with craniocerebral injury.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of Cryo/Cuff on blood loss and safety for patients after bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: Totally 100 patients were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group. In the experimental group, Cryo/Cuff was used immediately after patients returned from the operating room for 2h. In the control group, sham Cryo/Cuff was used at the same time. Blood loss and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) were compared between the two groups. Frostbite was calculated in the experimental group. Results: Wound drainage, total body blood loss, Hemoglobin decrease in the experimental group were less than the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in blood transfusion rate and DVT rate between the two groups (P>0.05). There was no frostbite case in the experimental group. Conclusion: As an effective and safe treatment, Cryo/Cuff can effectively reduce blood loss for bilateral TKA patients, which is conducive to the early rehabilitation of patients.

Patients waiting for cardiac surgeries may have a further decline in their body function levels, leading to adverse outcomes after surgery. Preoperative rehabilitation or prehabilitation refers to a surgical nursing intervention adopted before patients are admitted to hospital. It is mainly based on exercise therapy and is currently being carried out abroad and in Taiwan, China. This review summarized three aspects of implementation methods, effect evaluation and expanded application methods of prehabilitation based on exercise therapy in elective cardiac surgery patients, in order to provide theoretical basis for Chinese medical staff to improve the prognosis of patients through prehabilitation.

Objective: To analyze the applicability of the Dignity Model for terminally ill patients on the perspective of Chinese culture, and to adapt the Dignity Model from the perspective of Chinese culture. Methods: Content analysis method was used in the study. Chinese and English databases were searched with the theme of dignity of terminally ill patients under the background of Chinese culture, and the literature were coded, summarized and analyzed within the framework of Dignity Model. Results: Most themes included in the Dignity Model fitted the perception of terminally ill patients in China, such as functional capacity, medical uncertainty, death anxiety, privacy boundaries, care tenor, burden to others, aftermath concerns, and so on; but there were several subthemes contradicted the Chinese perspective, such as endurance of suffering, autonomy, and so on. Meanwhile, three new subthemes emerged, including family supports, stigma, and financial concerns. Conclusion: The Canadian Dignity Model for terminally ill patients is not entirely consistent with Chinese culture, and the adapted dignity model is more culturally sensitive but needs to be further verified by empirical research.

Objective: To analyze the effects of cosmetic interventions in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: Totally 80 patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy were included by convenience sampling from Sept. 2017 to Feb. 2018 in a hospital in Tianjin. The patients were divided into the intervention group and the control group according to the time of admission. The patients in the control group were with routine care, while the patients in intervention group were with make-up and cosmetic and routine care. The chemotherapy induced alopecia distress, medical copying models and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results: The score of confrontation dimension and the total score of quality of life in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05); the scores of chemotherapy induced alopecia distress and avoidance coping in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the dimensions of physical distress and avoidance between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Cosmetic intervention can effectively improve the patient’ chemotherapy induced alopecia distress, guide their positive coping modes, ease the avoidance coping style, and ultimately improve the quality of life.

The purpose of this paper is to review the evidences related to early mobilization in critically ill children in terms of the types, timing of mobilizations, evaluation indicators, implementation plans, protective measures, termination indicators and the overall effect of early mobilization, therefore, to provide practical references for healthcare providers in implementing early mobilization in critically ill children.

Neonatal pain assessment is a difficult point in medical care. At present,techniques for detecting neonatal pain automatically such as heart rate variability analysis,near-infrared spectroscopy, functional magnetic resonance imaging, skin conductance,electroencephalogram,crying recognition and facial expression recognition have been developed.This paper summarizes this in order to strengthen the understanding of the automatic pain assessment techniques by health care workers,and provide reference for further research to achieve objective evaluation of neonatal pain.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of case management model for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in radiotherapy. Methods: A case management nurse position was established in the head and neck radiotherapy ward. The qualifications, job responsibilities, and working mode of case management nurses were developed, and the data of receipt and follow-up of nasopharyngeal cancer, the participation of radiotherapy health lecture hall, the compliance with nasal irrigation and mouthwash for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the cure rate and satisfaction of patients were retrospectively analyzed to explore the effects of case management. Results: Totally 140 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were included in the case management model, there were 69.65% of patients in the ward took part in the case management moded, and there were over 97.00% of cases completed the whole follow-up. There were 98.76% of cases took part in the health lecture, 122 cases (87.14%) were with nasal irrigation ≥3 times a day, 113 cases (80.71%) were with gargling ≥5 times a day, and 118 cases (84.29%) were with functional exercise ≥3 times a day. The completion rate of therapy was 98.57%, and the satisfaction was 97.14%. Conclusion: The case management is conducive to symptom management of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in radiotherapy, improvement of care quality and patient satisfaction, and promoting the development of oncology specialized nurses.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of standardized early physical activity in patients with extra-ventricular drainage of Severe Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH). Methods: Following consecutive sampling, thirty patients admitted to the ICU between January and June, 2019 were selected as the experimental group in which standardized early physical activities were implemented among enrolled patients. Thirty patients who were admitted to the ICU with severe SAH and extraventricular drainage between July and December, 2018 were selected as the control group in which routine care was followed. Patients' clinical outcomes such as the length of mechanical ventilation, drainage time, days of ICU and hospital stay, as well as related complications were compared between groups. Results: Patient's heart rate increased gradually before and after implementation of physical exercise (P<0.05). The length of mechanical ventilation [(8.50±7.58) vs (13.57±8.51)], extra-ventricular drainage time [(5.77±3.48) vs (9.00±5.60)], the days of ICU stay [(14.23±10.87) vs (20.47±10.83)] and the overall hospital stay [(14.90±10.67) vs (23.23±11.49)] among patients in the experimental group were significantly shortened compared to those in the control group (P<0.05). In addition, the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (13.3% vs 36.7%) and deep venous thrombosis (16.7% vs 40.0%) were significantly reduced among patients in the experimental group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Standardization of early physical activity implementation can promote patients' recovery from severe SAH, reduce risks for developing related complications, and encourage early recovery.

This paper introduces the concept of anticipatory grief, describes the development process, the object of application, measurement content, reliability and validity, the method of use, the application status quo of anticipatory grief assessment tools for cancer patient caregiver in China and abroad, and aims to provide guidance of appropriate assessment tool selection. Meanwhile, this paper also provides references for anticipatory grief assessment tools of cancer patient caregiver in line with China's cultural background.

This article summarizes the concept and source of pain fear, the impact of pain fear on the body, the evaluation tools of pain fear, and the intervention methods, in order to provide references for taking effective measures to reduce the pain fear and improve the effectiveness of pain management in patients with chronic pain.

Smoking is one of the main risk factors that threaten the prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease. Quitting smoking is an effective measure to prevent cardiovascular adverse events in patients, which is a low-cost and highly beneficial measure. It is important for medical staff to strengthen clinical smoking cessation intervention for patients with coronary heart disease through effective methods, improve the success rate of smoking cessation and promote the rehabilitation of patients. This article summarized the smoking cessation intervention methods related to patients with coronary heart disease, the current status and effects of smoking cessation intervention. It is expected to provide medical staff information to help patients to quit smoking.

Patients with oral cancer may experience some degree of dysphagia, either as a direct result of the cancer itself or as a result of treatment. Dysphagia is easy to cause a series of complications, which seriously affect the rehabilitation process and quality of life of patients. Therefore, it is very important to find out whether patients have dysphagia timely and accurately. Currently, research on dysphagia in patients with oral cancer is still in the initial stage in China, and there is no uniform standard for screening of dysphagia. This paper summarizes the different characteristics and application status of screening tools for dysphagia in patients with oral cancer, and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages, in order to provide references for clinical workers to choose appropriate screening tools.

This paper introduces the general situation of Dementia Care Courses in Fooying University in Taiwan from the aspects of curriculum introduction, curriculum objectives, teaching content arrangement, teaching methods and assessment methods. Combined with the status quo of aged care education in mainland China, this paper proposes that the old care professional curriculum should be further improved. Content, optimize teaching methods, highlight the main role of students, implement multiple assessment methods, and improve students' professional ability in aged care.