The literature reviewed the relationship between human resource allocation and patient outcome, the allocation indicators, the workload calculation method, and the application of nursing allocation method,in order to help hospitals and nursing managers understand the relevant development of nursing allocation,then provide references for further research and decision-making.

The Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals carried out a series of researches about nursing post management from 2013, and did the pilot work from 2014. Both the researches and the pilot work have achieved preliminary success. This paper introduced the current status of nursing post management from the researches and the pilot work, and analyzed the existing problems and countermeasures in the application of nursing post management, to provide reference for the build of nursing post system and nursing post management reform.

Objective: To establish a management program which is focusing on specialized nursing post, starting from the post setting and performance evaluating, selecting and training specialist nurse, to reflect the professional value of specialized nursing post. Methods: Adopting the method of job analysis and setting up specialized nursing post including specialist nurse leader, specialist nurse, liaison nurse. The selection and training of specialist nurse according to the standard of post admission and the list of should be known. Application of the post evaluation method to set up the management scheme about specialized nursing post performance assessment and distribution in the nursing department and specialty nursing team. Survey on job satisfaction of specialized nurses after implementing the management of specialized nursing post through the "questionnaire of job satisfaction of specialist nurse". Results: The management of specialized nursing post was significantly associated with the specialty nurses' overall satisfaction to the post (P<0.05) and there were ten aspects' satisfaction totally improved than before. Conclusion: Establishing a scientific and reasonable management program for specialized nurse post will help guide specialist nurse to have a clearer understanding of position and professional value, and play a positive incentive effect. At the same time, it provides a platform for professional development of specialist nurse.

During the trend of new medical reform policies, our hospital formed the nurse position management, hierarchical management, nursing performance of vertical management strategy gradually in recent years of exploration and practices. Assessment and evaluation of nursing work is constantly promoting nursing management priority. Closed-loop management system have been implemented, that can fully arouse the enthusiasm of nurses' work, and improve the efficiency of nursing management and working quality, achieve a new mode of modern nursing management scientific and sustainable development.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of setting up breast cancer case manager post as a part of the development of specialist nurses. Methods: Case manager position was set up since June 2016 in a breast cancer center. The qualifications, working path and responsibilities were described, the data of admission rate, following-up rate of discharged patients, participation rate of educational lecture, participation of WeChat official account, and treatment of lymphedema before and after setting up case manager were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Admission rate of patients with positive CNB was significantly increased from 86.1% to 96.9% (P<0.05), following-up rate of discharged patients increased to 100%, participation rate for educational lecture was 93.7% for patients and 66.7% for family members, 14% patients with lymphedema received manual lymph drainage, and about 98% patients showed satisfaction to the case manager.Conclusion: Setting up case manager post is effective to improve the clinical therapeutic effect and patients’ satisfaction,and it’s benefit for the development of specialist nurses.

Objective: To analyze the classification characteristics of nurses' empathic abilities and the differences of coping styles among the different classifications by using Latent Class Model. Methods: A cluster random sampling method was used to select 454 nursing staff who met the including criterion from the selected four level 3 class A hospitals from December 2016 to May 2017. The general information questionnaire, Jefferson empathy scale and Trait Coping Style Questionnaire were used to investigate the empathic ability and coping style of nursing staff. Results: The study included 449 nursing staff finally. Latent Class Model analysis showed that the empathic ability of nurses was divided into low ability category (40.8%), mixed ability category (27.4%) and high ability category (31.8%). The three latent classes had significant differences in working years, educational background, distribution of professional title and negative coping scores (P<0.05). Conclusion: Through the study of the classification characteristics of nurses' empathic ability, it is effective to understand the difference of empathic ability and coping styles among nurses, and to provide basis for further research and formulate effective targeted interventions.

Objective: To describe the knowledge, attitude, and practical behavior of diabetes prevention among a sample of high-risk groups with type 2 diabetes, and to provide the evidence for further establishing comprehensive health intervention. Methods: A survey using a self-developed type 2 diabetes prevention knowledge-attitude-practice questionnaire (KAP) was conducted. The sample included 229 adults, who were at risk of type 2 diabetes and involved in the physical examination at a tertiary hospital from July to December, 2016. Results: The total score of KAP was 53.16±8.78, and 77.3% of sample were with less than 60 points. There were statistically significant differences in the score of KAP of sample with different ethnicities, educational levels, occupational characteristics and family histories (P<0.05). Conclusion: The population with high risk of type 2 diabetes were at a low level with the knowledge, attitude, and practical behavior of diabetes prevention. It is necessary to carry out targeted health education to reduce the incidence and development of diabetes.

Objective: To investigate the current status and the relationship between the meaning in life and death attitude of nurses. Methods: The general information questionnaire, China Meaning in Life Questionnaire (C-MLQ) and the Chinese version of Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAP-R) questionnaire were used and 464 nurses from a hospital in Dalian Liaoning province were investigated. Results: Nurses' score of meaning in life was 48.29±8.52. Correlation analysis showed the meaning in life and fear of death, approach acceptation, death avoidance were negative related (P<0.05), while meaning in life and natural acceptance were positive related (P<0.05). Conclusion: The meaning in life of nurses is generally higher, but death attitude and related dimensions is not optimistic. The meaning in life is related to attitude to death. Raising the level of meaning in life is benefit to death attitude, some measured should be strengthened for nurses to effectively enhance the level of meaning in life and thus lay a solid foundation for nursing service with high quality.

Objective: To explore the risk factors of ICU delirium in adult patients to provide the basis for early clinical identification of delirium. Methods: We searched databases including The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP and CBM from inception to April 2017, to collect the risk factors of ICU delirium in adult patients at home and abroad. RevMan 5.3 software were used for Meta-analysis. Results: Twenty-six studies were included, the cumulative cases were 2 267 delirium cases and 10 746 controls. The pooling effect sizes which include odds ratio (OR) values and weight mean difference (WMD) were age >65 years (OR=2.19), smoking (OR=1.22), COPD (OR=2.08), sedatives (OR=8.27), mechanical ventilation (OR=3.46), sepsis (OR=8.88), APACHE II score (WMD=3.77), stroke (OR=2.20), renal dysfunction (OR=1.96) and physical restraint (OR=9.99), respectively. Conclusion: According to the present evidence, the risk factors of delirium in ICU patients are age >65 years, smoking, COPD, sedatives, mechanical ventilation, sepsis, APACHE II score, stroke, renal dysfunction and physical restraint.

Objective: To explore the effect of the national occupational health standard "Protection guideline for occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens" (GBZ/T 213). Methods: Articles of study on the prevalence of occupational sharp injuries among nurses in China were retrieved and analyzed from CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, PubMed and Embase. Results: This pooling analysis focused on 90 literatures from 2000 to 2016 which consisted of collected data from 38,867 nurses of 319 hospitals across 26 provinces in China. The pooled incidence of sharp object injuries, needle stick and contaminated needle stick for nurses were up to 81.93%, 76.55%, 61.14% respectively. The average number of sharp object injuries, needle stick and contaminated needle stick were up to 3.14, 3.00, 2.02 episode per person per year, respectively. Compared with 2005-2009, the incidence of sharp object injuries, needle stick and contaminated needle stick during 2010 to 2016 were significantly decreased respectively. The 42.81% of the nurses accepted work safety and health training. 52.05% of the nurses were immunized with Hepatitis B vaccine. 23.67% of them wore gloves while nursing patients. 54.86% of the nurses who were injured could treat the wound properly, but only 14.00% of the episodes were reported. Conclusion: After the application of "Protection guideline for occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens", occupational safety of clinical nurses has been improved. However the implementing of the standard needs to be emphasized to minimise the incidents. The comprehensive measures should be taken to achieve the maximum safety of the health professionals.

Objective: To investigate the knowledge about Venous Thromboembolism prevention among nurses of geriatric department, in order to provide scientific basis for knowledge training. Methods: Totally 437 nurses in geriatric department from 11 hospitals in Sichuan province were investigated with a self-design questionnaire about Venous Thromboembolism prevention knowledge. Results: The scores of knowledge about Venous Thromboembolism prevention of 437 nurses was (50.41±13.92). Multiple Linear Regression indicated that education, professional title, experience of caring for the patients with Venous Thromboembolism were the influencing factors of the knowledge score. Conclusion: The knowledge about Venous Thromboembolism prevention among nurses in geriatric department still remains to be improved, and targeted training should be provided to different nurses by nurse managers.

Objective: To study the prevalence and risk factors of Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis (IAD) in ICU patients. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was used to investigate the ICU inpatients in 11 hospitals from Zhejiang province. Results: The prevalence of incontinence in ICU patients was 25.2%, and the prevalence of IAD was 35.1% in ICU patients with incontinence. The average age of patients with IAD was 68.09±17.81 years old, and there were 5 cases (10.6%) with fungal infection in IAD patients. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the low Braden score, fecal incontinence, incontinence lasted for more than 6 months, frequent incontinence (>6 times/day) and watery stools were independent risk factors for IAD (P<0.05). Conclusion: The patients in ICU with low Braden score, fecal incontinence, incontinence lasted for more than 6 months, frequent incontinence and watery stools were at high-risk of IAD. Targeted preventive nursing strategies are important to prevent IAD in ICU patients.

Objective: To explore the current status and influencing factors of Health Literacy among hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: A convenience sample of 253 HD patients was recruited from the blood purification centers of four tertiary general hospital in Beijing, and investigated with Hemodialysis Health Literacy Questionnaire, Chronic Self-efficacy Scale, and Social Support Rating Scale. Results: The mean score of Health Literacy was (20.48±3.25) while about 75(29.6%) patients had limited Health Literacy. The mean scores of self-efficacy and social support were (7.17±1.75) and (35.32±7.82), respectively. Multiple linear regression indicated that age, self-efficacy, marriage, education, and dialysis duration were the main influencing factors of Health Literacy. Conclusion: The Health Literacy among hemodialysis patients is satisfactory, but we still need to improve their critical Health Literacy. More targeted measures should be taken to enhence the Health Literacy of the patients according to the different influencing factors.

Objective: To explore the impact of leadership behaviors of head nurses on professional quality of life among nurses. Methods: Using a convenient sampling method, totally 510 nurses in 6 hosptials in Xi'an were recruited and investigated using demographic questionnaire, Head Nurses' Leadership Behaviours Scale and Chinese version of Professional Quality of Life Scale for Nurses. Results: The mean scores of leadership behaviors and three dimensions, compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress of clinical nurses were 77.00±12.84, 33.82±6.70, 26.67±5.93 and 25.48±5.73, respectively. Times of night shift per month, department and leadership style of head nurses were identified as the predictors of compassion satisfaction, explaining 15.7% of the variance. Age, the level of hospital, department and leadership style were the influencing factors of burnout, accounting for 15.7% of variance. Department and leadership style were the influencing factors of secondary traumatic stress, explaining 7.0% of the variance. Conclusion: The different leadership types have significant impact on the nurses' professional quality of life. We should enhance compassion satisfaction and decrease burnout and secondary traumatic stress by improving leadership behaviors of head nurses.

Person-Organization Fit means the compatibility between individuals and organizations, which is the hot spot of human resource management researches. This paper reviewed studies of Person-Organization Fit Theory in human resources, included employee turnover, organizational performance and organizational recruitment, in order to provide references for nurse managers.

Objective: To investigate the current situation of the transition impact on new nurses in emergency department, and analyze the problems in the process of transition. Methods: The Transition Shock of Newly Graduated Nurses Scale was used to investigate the transition impact on 260 emergency nurses in 15 tertiary grade A hospitals of Heilongjiang province. Results: The overall score of transition impact of new nurses in emergency department ranged from 83 to 135, among which the psychological dimension was the highest, the scoring rate was 90.5%. The factors influencing the transition of new nurses in emergency department were gender, native place, working hours and educational background, which can explain 65.7% of the impact of the transformation. Conclusion: The transition shock of the new nurses in the emergency departments was at a higher level, and were influenced by gender, native place, working hours, educational background and so on.

This article reviewed software development, index collection, and the regional coordinated development of nursing performance assessment based on the informatization platform. The following existing problems were pointed out: the lack of unified nursing informatization standards, instable data collection. The value of the performance data is not fully developed. The assigned index of special position for nursing is vague. There were limitations for the design of nursing performance assessment system. This paper put forward to the countermeasures and illustrated the implications of the informatization of nursing performance assessment in China.

This paper summarizes the concept of Occupational Musculoskeletal Injury, theoretical model of influencing factors and related intervention studies. We put forward the research directions and deficiencies of nurses Occupational Musculoskeletal Injuries in order to provide reference for the study of Occupational Musculoskeletal Injuries among Chinese nurses.

Objective: To explore the medical students' cognition and attitude toward patient safety and the current status and demand of patient safety education. Methods: Using convenience sampling method, 727 medical students from 3 medical colleges in Tianjin were selected, and a cross-sectional investigation was conducted with "the questionnaire on knowledge, attitudes and educational needs of patient safety for medical students". Results: The score of patient safety knowledge of medical students was 9.43±1.65, and whether parents are medical staff, grade and gender were its influencing factors (P<0.05). The score of patient's safety attitude was 63.53±21.26, and school and specialty were its influencing factors (P<0.05). And 49.4% of the students said there was related education about patient safety in their school,while 96.0% of the students thought their patient safety knowledge should be strengthened,and 74.7% students take case discussion as the optimum form for training. Conclusion: The development of patient safety courses in 3 medical colleges in Tianjin is still not optimistic. Schools and hospitals should pay more attention to cooperation and targeted training and education should be carried out through case discussion, network teaching and so on.

Patients during the ICU transition period are both physiologically and psychologically specific. ICU transitional care may have both short-term and long-term effects on their overall recovery overcome. This review summarized the concept of Transitional Care Mode, nursing needs of ICU patients, current strategies of ICU transitional care, evaluating indicators both in China and abroad to provide evidence and reference for nursing research and practicing of ICU transitional care.

The critical care without walls model was significant to solve the existing problems. In this review, the influence of delayed admission to intensive care units and the production of critical care without walls model were summarized, and it may provide necessary reference for the build and application of critical care without walls model.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of eCASH concept on sedation and analgesia management in patients with mechanical ventilation in ICU. Methods: From June 2016 to May 2017, 90 patients with mechanical ventilation who required sedation and analgesia management were selected and divided into two groups (45 cases in the control group, 45 cases in the intervention group) according to their admission order. Patients in the control group were given routine sedative and analgesia management, while patients in the intervention group received sedative and analgesia management according to eCASH concept. Results: The mechanical ventilation time of the intervention group was shorter than that of the control group (t=-3.685, P=0.001). ICU hospitalization time of the intervention group were less than that of the control group (t=-3.397, P=0.001). The rate of successful extubation of the intervention group was higher than that of the control group (χ2=4.731, P=0.030). The rate of death/abandonment in hospital of the intervention group was lower than that of the control group (χ2=5.404, P=0.020). Conclusion: Patients could acquire better recovery and improved quality of life by introducing eCASH concept into sedation and analgesia management of patients with mechanical ventilation in ICU.

This paper analyzes the benefits and challenges of oncology nurses participating in the Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) from the perspective of nurses, and puts forward the corresponding coping strategies to encourage the nurses to adapt to the development trend, respond to the challenges actively, and play a core role in the MDT.

Head and neck cancer is one of the most common malignant tumor in the world. Surgery operation is the main treatment which can lead to the patients' appearance and function change, and then influence the level of their self-image and quality of life. In this paper, the authors summarized and analyzed the related research about the body image change and influence factors of postoperative patients with head and neck cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a multidisciplinary Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) pathway in surgical specialties. Methods: An ERAS expert panel was established to develop appropriate pathway, and generated it to all the surgical departments. The postoperative complication rates, surgical related data and nurses' professional identity were compared before and after the intervention. Results: The observation group had significantly lower postoperative complication rates than the control group (P<0.05). The observation group had shorter average hospitalization days, expenses and readmission rate were lower than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The mean score of nurses' professional identity was improved from (3.14±0.63) to (3.35±0.52). Conclusion: The multidisciplinary ERAS pathway is effective for patients' rehabilitation, also improve nursing team's ability.

Due to the emergence of full nutrition milk, the lack of breastfeeding time as well as the awareness of the importance of breastfeeding, the breastfeeding status is not optimistic, and peer education plays an important role in it. In this review, the authors summarized researches on the application of peer education in maternal breastfeeding, in order to provide evidences and references for the development of breastfeeding intervention programs.

With the in-depth studies of health education theories, scholars have recognized structured education. Structured education is especially effective among patients with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. This article reviewed literature about the application of structured education among patients with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, aimed to provide references for developing health education programs of patients with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus to reduce patients' complications and improve their quality of life.

In this paper, the current situation of experiential childbirth-simulation education (ECSE) was systematically reviewed, including the theories, practices, contents and effects of this kind of prenatal education. The authors also summarized existing problems and provided suggestions on the future development of ECSE, which provided reference information for the optimization and upgrading of ECSE to improve the effects of prenatal education and the quality of obstetric services.

Objective: To decrease the failure rate of sedation procedure during radiology and increase the efficacy of nursing. Methods: After establishment of a Lean Management team, we referred to DMAIC process, verified the possible defects related to sedation procedure during radiology for inpatient pediatric patients, and found the key problem through value stream, fish bone analysis, investigation. Finally we integrated the best available evidences into routine process of sedation medication administration and radiology, improved the fasting and medicine administration instruction, renewed and standardized the related health education, and evaluated the improvement results through data. Results: After this quality improvement project, the failure rate and average nursing time for every case of sedation procedure during radiology decreased significantly than before (P<0.05). Conclusion: Lean Management could increase efficacy of sedation procedure during radiology in inpatient pediatric patients and facilitate the effective running of hospital resources.

Health education has a positive effect on disease prevention and rehabilitation, which is an important part of clinical nursing. The PRECEDE-PROCEED model is widely used in health education because of its comprehensive, systematic and effective features. This review summarized the connotation and content of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, and introduced its application in health education both in China and abroad.