Objective: To understand the nursing management of common complications (including pressure ulcer,Deep vein Thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary infection and urinary tract infection) in bed ridden patients in China. Methods:A semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 nursing managers from different hospitals. The data were collected and analyzed. Results: Differences existed in the importance of different complications. For DVT, pulmonary infection and urinary tract infection, standard nursing management system has not been established. The nursing management in primary and secondary hospitals is still relatively weak. Conclusion: It is urgently needed to establish standard nursing management system of common complication in bed ridden patients for all level of hospitals.

The article illustrates the definition of unavoidable pressure ulcer, and status of assessment of risk factors, management of intervention implements and reporting are analyzed as well. The aim is to provide suggestions in terms of management of unavoidable pressure ulcer which may contribute to better care.

Utilizing Risk Assessment Tool for Venous Thromboembolism (VTE),correctly recognize the risk factors and classify the risk factors are vital for prevention of VTE. VET risk assessment tool include group evaluation and individual evaluation. Thrombosis prophylaxis needs to be individualized on the basis of the results of each individual patient in order to achieve individulized preventions. This article will review the current research status for VTE risk assessment tool and further provides reference for the clinical research of this topic.

Objective: The purpose of the research was to assess the effect of "STAR" Hospital-Acquired Pressure Ulcer prevention management system and to explore the significance of the system. Methods: A working group was established to promote study. This prevention management system architecture and constituent elements, was based on the literature review and expert consultation. To assess the effect of the prevention management system, pressure ulcer prevention management process indicators and outcome indicators were compared before and after the operation of the system. Results:The coincidence rate of pressure ulcer risk assessment, qualified rate of bedridden patients placed in position, correct use rate of pressure ulcer prevention support surface for high-risk patients were higher than before. The occurrence rate of stage II and above hospital-acquired ulcer and phase II and above non expected incidence of pressure ulcer were lower than before. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions: Construction and operation of "STAR" hospital- acquired pressure ulcer prevention management system has obvious effect and clinical significance in improving the quality of clinical nursing and prevention of hospital acquired pressure ulcer.

Objectives: To study the current status of nurse’ indwelling urine catheter in China, and to provide the best evidence and the basis for best nursing practice about urinary catheter care. Methods: Using convenient sampling method,we recruited 2200 nurses from July to September, 2015 in 96 medical institutions among 14 provinces. We surveyed the status of 3609 patients with indwelling urine catheter on survey day. Results: About 57.2% patients’ meatus urinarius were cleaned twice a day. About 67.4% patients were disinfected using iodine preparation. About 29.8% patients were kept urine specimens from catheter directly with 19.8% from the joint of catheters and urine collection bags, 19.4% from the urine collection bags, and 8.5% from a percutaneous bladder biopsy. About 85.3% patients replaced urine catheter periodically and 41.3% patients were changed once a month. About 76.8% patients did not do bladder irrigation regularly. For the patients with bladder irrigation, 88.7% of patients used saline. Conclusion: Clinical nurses didn’t achieve a unified norms and standard while caring for patients with urinary catheter. Currently, the big challenge faced by clinical nurses is how to introduce the best evidence to clinic effectively.

Objective: To translate the Crohn's and Colitis Pregnancy Knowledge Score (CCPKnow) into Chinese,and test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of CCPKnow. Methods: The Chinese version of CCPKnow was developed through Brislin's translation/back-translation method and modified through cultural adaptation and semantic analysis. The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of CCPKnow was tested based on an investigation of 200 patients having inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) from three tertiary hospitals in Zhejiang Province. Results:The Cronbach's α coefficient for the overall Chinese CCPKnow was 0.856, and the coefficient of five dimensions ranged from 0.816-0.950. The test-test reliability was 0.814. The overall content validity index was 0.930, while the CVI for the different items were 0.880-1.000. Five factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis and could explain 63.551% of the total variance. The correlation coefficients between each dimension score ranged from 0.375-0.579, and the correlation coefficients between each dimension score and the general score ranged from 0.603-0.782 (P<0.05). Conclusion: The Chinese version of CCPKnow could be reliable and valid to asses the IBD patients' knowledge of pregnancy-related issues in Chinese women of childbearing age.

Objective: To investigate the beliefs and attitudes toward unrestricted visiting policy among ICU nurses,and to explore its influencing factors. Methods: Totally 245 ICU nurses from three Tertiary Grade A general hospitals in Hangzhou were recruited by convinience sampling method and investigated using the Beliefs and Attitudes toward Unrestricted Visiting Policy Questionnaire. Results: The average score of beliefs and attitudes toward unrestricted visiting policy among ICU nurses was (2.57±0.61), and (1.95±0.39), respectively. There wasn't correlation between beliefs and attitudes (r=0.135, P=0.064). The education background, working years and visiting experience were the influencing factors of the beliefs and attitudes toward unrestricted visiting policy among ICU nurses (R2=0.316, F=13.007, P<0.001).Conclusion: The beliefs and attitudes toward unrestricted visiting policy among ICU nurses needs to be improved.The education background, working years and visiting experience are the influencing factors of the beliefs and attitudes toward unrestricted visiting policy among ICU nurses.

Objective: To explore the relationship between nurses' perceived benefits and their intent to stay in order to provide evidence and strategies for maintaining nurses' intent to stay and managing the stability of nursing team. Methods:We investigated 292 clinical nurses by using designed questionnaire with perceived benefits and intent to stay scales. The data were gathered and analyzed statistically. Results: The study showed that nurses' perceived benefits and intent to stay were at the median level in the scales; the perceived benefits scale was statistically positively correlated to intent to stay scale (P<0.05). Among its three dimensions, occupational benefits, occupational value were the main factors influencing the nurses' intent to stay (P<0.05). Conclusion: The nurses' perception of professional benefits has significantly positive effect on their intent to stay so that an improvement of nurses' perceived professional benefits should be helpful to nurse retention.The study suggests that hospital managers should pay great attention on the positive role of nurses' perceived benefits. The following strategies could be useful to increase nurse retention and nursing team stability: to strengthen nurses perceived evaluation intervention, to orientate and adjust nurses' work goals, and to care about their feelings and understandings of professional benefits.

Objective: To explore the relationships between nurses, silence behavior and work alienation,organizational climate. Methods: Totally 603 registered nurses were recruited from one tertiary Grade A hospital in Guangzhou. They were investigated with Silence Behavior Scale, Work Alienation Scale and Organizational Climate Scale. Results: The scores of silence behavior, work alienation and organizational climate were (3.13±0.54), (2.86±0.54)and (3.73±0.36) respectively, and were all at middle level. Work alienation was positively related to silence behavior, and organizational climate was negatively related to silence behavior and work alienation (P<0.01). Work alienation played a mediating role between organizational climate and silence behavior. Conclusion: Silence behavior was found among nurses,and work alienation and organizational climate affected silence behavior. Hospital managers should pay attention to nurses' silence behavior, and reduce work alienation and silence behavior by constructing a good organizational climate.

Objective: To investigate the quality of life and its influencing factors among patients with Condyloma Acuminata (CA). Methods: This study is a cross-sectional survey, totally 248 CA patients were recruited and investigated using Demographic Questionnaire, and Quality of Life Questionnaire for Patients with Genital Warts (CECA10). Results:The standardized score of CECA10 was 35.14±18.71. The two items with lowest scores were item 2 in psychological emotional dimension (I worry about whether the infection could completely cure, 2.12 ± 1.10), and item 8 in sex dimension (at the sex I worry, 2.12±1.07). Multiple linear regression analysis results showed that the influencing factors of quality of life among CA patients were the wart body number, age, and gender. These three factors could explain 14.2% of the total variation. Conclusion: The quality of life among CA patients in China is very low. Age, gender, and the wart body number are the influcing factors of quality of life.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Maternal Sound Stimulation(MSS) on the progress and performance of oral feeding.Methods: Totally 62 premature infants were recruited and randomly divided into research group with 32 infants and control group with 30 infants. The infants in the control group received routine care, while the infants in the research group received MSS twice a day for seven days in addition to the routine care, We recorded the initiation time of oral feeding and the time of full oral feeding and observed the feeding performance in the two time points and calculated the transition time, feeding efficiency, sucking efficiency, etc., and recorded everyday's body weight,, the incidence of feeding intolerance and the discharge time. Results: The feeding efficiency and sucking efficiency at the initiation time of oral feeding, and the feeding efficiency at the time of full oral feeding in research group were significantly better than those of the control group (P<0.05), however there was no significant difference in the sucking efficiency between the two groups at the time of full oral feeding .The transitional time from the initiation of oral feeding to full oral feeding, the length of hospitalized stay, and the incidence of feeding intolerance in the research group were better than those of the control group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the weight gain between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: MSS could effectively improve the progress and performance of oral feeding , and reduce the incidence of feeding intolerance among premature infants.

Objective: To investigate the oral health conditions of hospitalized elderly patients by the Chinese version of Kayser-Jones Brief Oral Health Status Examination (BOHSE). Methods: We screened the oral health conditions of 1073 hospitalized elderly patients who were recruited by convenience sampling method. Results: There are 653 people in young elderly group (60~74, group A) , 390 people in old elderly group (75~89, group B) and 30 people in longevous group ( 90,group C). The average scores of BOHSE among 1073 respondents were (7.45±2.10) with the highest score 15 and the lowest score 2. About 95.71% patients had oral cleanliness problems. About 87.33% patients had problems of the gum and 89.10% had problems of the natural teeth. The incidence of lymph nodes swelling were the lowest (5.62%). The score of BOHSE in group A, B, and C was (6.93±1.93), (8.20±2.10), (8.67±2.43), respectively. The scores between group A and B, group A and C, had statistically significant differences (P<0.01), while group B and C had no statistical difference (P>0.05). Conclusion:There are universal oral health problems among hospitalized elderly patients and it is more outstanding as the age increases.

Objective: To investigate family care status in the elderly diabetic nephropathy patients with hemodialysis, and analyze the influencing factors. Methods: The Family Care Index (FCI) questionnaire was used in this survey. Totally 112 cases were included in this study. Results: Fourty five (40.18%) patients thought their families had good functioning,and 59.82% of the patients reported their family care had moderate or severe disorders. Patients' age, dialysis years and diabetes duration entered into the regression equation. Conclusion: Diabetic nephropathy patients had low FCI scores.Patients' age, dialysis years and diabetes duration were correlated with FCI.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and influencing factors in an elderly community population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. A sample of 200 Beijing residents aged 60 and above was recruited and surveyed with Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Demographic data, health status and other associated factors were also examined. Results: The prevalence of depression was 8.3%. Age, self-reported health and emotion conditions, as well as life events were found to be associated with depression in the elderly. Conclusion: Depression of the community elderly is influenced by several factors. The current study provides a basis to guide future study in prioritizing the correlation between self-cognition and life events, and designing effective interventions to promote healthy aging of this vulnerable population.

Objective: To determine the level of knowledge of stroke and heart attack (HA) symptoms and risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in elderly people who are at risk for CVD. Methods: Self-designed knowledge of stroke and heart attack (HA) symptoms and risk factors questionnaires were used to survey the 1120 older adults' knowledge in health examination centers of the second affiliated hospital of University of South China. Results: Knowledge of stroke/heart attack warning signs and CVD risk factors were very poor (average score 3.10/10, 4.98/15). The perception of stroke/heart attack warning signs and CVD risk factors were lower among older adults with no CVD (average score 2.80/10, 4.67/15)than that among older adults with CVD (average score 4.04/10, 5.97/15). The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Educational level and history of CVD was positively correlated with score of CVD knowledge, while age and cardiovascular risk level was negatively correlated with score of CVD knowledge. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Public education programs are needed, which would be designed to help elderly people with low education levels at risk for CVD to improve the awareness of stroke and HA.

The neurosurgery nurses got layered training including: establishing hierarchical objectives according to the nurses' professional skills and levels; and incorporating the theoretical and practical training through the daily work. A unique professional nursing team is established, the overall quality of the team is improved, and the research capacity and team work are also improved.

Objective: To explore the nursing interns' knowledge and attitudes on pain management , and further to identify the barriers influencing their knowledge and attitudes in order to provide evidence for improving pain management courses. Methods: We distributed the Chinese version of Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain questionnaires(KASRP) to 151 college or university nursing interns in one hospital of Tianjing. Results: The level of nursing interns' pain management knowledge and attitudes was relatively low with a mean correct rate (43.46±7.31)%. There were significant differences in nursing interns' correct scores in pain management training and in pain assessment tool application experience (P<0.05). Conclusion: Nursing interns appear to be inadequate in both knowledge and attitudes on pain management. It suggests that nursing interns' knowledge and attitudes could be improved by sufficient training and clinical practice in pain management.

Objective: To examine the effects of a nurse stratified training program based on nursing clinical ladder model, provide a reference for nurse stratified training.Method: Based on the core competencies and promotion requirements for each level, the researchers evaluated training needs and therefore determined training contents, then carried out the stratified training program for practice. The outcome measurements included the amount of nurse staff participated training, the pass rate of nurse standardization training examination and the scores of nurse clinical comprehensive ability before and after the implementation. Results: The amount of nurse attending training increased from 1674 in 2012 to 3729 in 2014. The individual annual average frequency of training improved from 2.09 in 2012 to 4.66 in 2014, and the pass rate of nurse standardization training examination improved from 89.56% in 2012 to 97.50% in 2014 (P<0.05), and the scores of nurse clinical comprehensive ability were significantly increased with a mean score from 74.46±7.62 in 2012 to 81.13±8.09 in 2014 (P<0.05). Conclusion: The nurse stratified training program based on nursing clinical ladder model could encourage nurses to participate in training effectively, improve nurses' core competencies, and promote nursing post management, which is an effective method for nurses' on-the-job training.

Objective: To investigate the status and factors influencing competency of hemopurification nurses in tertiary grade A hospitals of Hunan province. Methods: 345 hemopurification nurses from 20 general tertiary Grade A hospitals in Hunan were investigated with a self-reported questionnaire. Results: The standardized score of Nurses' competency was (87.84±9.72), certificated nurses' score (91.05±7.21) was higher than the uncertificated ones' (84.3±10.86).Regression analysis showed that qualification, education background, professional title and specialized working year were factors influencing hemopurification nurses' competency. Conclusions: In Hunan, the level of hemopurification nurses' competency was relatively high, especially the certificated ones'. Furthermore, specialized certificated training was proven to be an effective method to promote nurses' competency. Nurses' teaching and researching abilities need to be further improved.

Objective: To discuss the effect of the application of Quality Control Circle (QCC) in improving the compliance with use of Oxygen-driven Nebulizer in pediatric patients. Methods: The QCC group was established. The group members made plans to examine and analyze the current situation of children with Oxygen-driven Nebulizer compliance.After the goal was set up, members discussed the measures and implemented them according to the main cause. Results:Children with Oxygen-driven Nebulization compliance has improved significantly (89.0% vs 95.7%), the difference was statistical significance (χ2=23.87, P<0.001). Conclusion: QCC was effective to improve the compliance in use of Oxygendriven Nebulizer in children.It could make children better with treatment and promote children recover at an early date.

Root Cause Analysis (RCA) is an effective tool of nursing risk management used for improving patient safety and nursing quality. This article summarized the theories of root cause analysis as well as its implementations in nursing practice. The authors also suggested some ways to augment root cause analysis into a more robust and helpful process, in order to promote nursing quality and reduce risks.

Objective: Promoting the exclusive breastfeeding rate by establishing community intervention methods using Mobile Phone Service and Internet. Methods: Pregnant women were divided into intervention group and control group in four communities in Erqi districts in Zhengzhou city from May to August in 2013 since the day they were registered in communities. The control group accepted routine maternal health care services. Intervention group was implemented by community intervention model based on mobile phones and the internet. Compare the breastfeeding attitude and behavior before and after the intervention. Results: Scores of breastfeeding attitude in intervention group were significantly higher than control group after intervention implementation (P<0.05). Exclusive Breastfeeding rate in the intervention group was higher than the control group at seven days, one month, four months postpartum with statistical significance (P<0.05). Weaning rate in the intervention group was lower than the control group at six month , nine months,twelve months postpartum, with statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion: Mobile Phone Services and Internet health education can improve exclusive breastfeeding rate and decrease infant weaning rate effectively.

Objective: To examine the application and impact of discharge planning in the care of patients with Chronic Heart Failure (CHF). Methods: We recruited 84 patients with CHF in total. We randomly divided them into the treatment group and control group with 42 in each. The patients in both groups (40 in each) had regular nursing care and telephone visits. The patients in the treatment group were further applied a discharge planning. We scrutinized the scores of two groups on the European Heart Failure Self-Care Behaviour Scale 9 (EHFSCB-9) and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire (MLHFQ) at the points of discharge and the six-month after discharge. We also compared the scores of the patient satisfaction of continuing care at the six-month after discharge between two groups. Results: After six months' intervention, the scores of the EHFSCB-9, the MLHFQ and patient satisfaction of continuing care in the treatment group were statistically higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The application of the discharge planning in nursing care for patients with CHF could effectively improve patients' self-care behaviour, their satisfaction of continuing nursing care and quality of life.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and effect of telephone follow-up on transitional care of cancer patients with PICC. Methods: Totally 126 cancer patients were assigned into intervention group and control group by using blocked randomization with 63 patients in each group. Patients in control group received routine care,while those in experimental group were educated for PICC self-management using telephone follow-up in addition to routine care. Then the catheter complications, catheter self-management skills and patients' satisfaction towards PICC care were compared between the two groups one month and three months after the intervention respectively. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in terms of the incidence of catheter complications, self-management skills and satisfaction towards PICC care between the two groups before the intervention (P>0.05). After the intervention, the scores of catheter self-management skills and catheter caring satisfaction in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group both in one month and three months (P<0.05) . The incidence of complications including catheter phlebitis and catheter blockage in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group in three months (P<0.05).Conclusion: The standardized telephone follow-up played a significant role in PICC care of cancer patients, improved patients' PICC self-management abilities and satisfaction towards catheter care, and reduced the incidence of catheter complications. Therefore, it could protect the safety of patients with catheter, reflecting the continuity of our quality care.

Objective: To analysis the current status and the issues of transitional care in China in order to provide references and suggestions for further research in this area. Methods: We searched and analyzed the literature about transitional care in 11 Chinese nursing core periodicals from CNKI and Wanfang Database. Results: Totally 318 articles were included and the number of publication tends to increase. Literature mainly were from Guangdong, Jiangsu, Beijing and other economically developed regions and most articles were from hospitals. 34.59% of the papers were supported by funds. The application and effect of transitional care was the main research topics. Transitional care was mainly delivered in forms of telephone and short message follow-ups, home visits and network information platforms. The evaluation parameters mainly included patients functional abilities and clinical outcomes. Conclusion: In recent years, transitional care developed rapidly and got an increasing attention in China, however, improvements need to be focused on research depth and width, multidisciplinary approach and collaboration, and standard conducts and policy and procedures. In the future, we should utilize network information platform, implement variety forms of service and strengthen the relationship between hospital and community health service institution to establish hospital-community-family service mode.

After the "8 · 12 explosion" in Tianjin port, our hospital started contingency plans for public emergencies.Nursing Department allocated human resources, established nursing experts group, and deployed medicine and materials supplement etc. Before and after the rescue. the resure group closely cooperate with each other to ensure smooth flow of rescue mission.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of self-management education among patients with heart transplantation during post-hospital rehabilitation process. Methods: Totally 30 patients were received self-management education and investigated using the Chronic Disease Management Self-efficacy Scale and Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaires(SF-36) before discharge, 3 months and 6months after discharge. Results:The scores of the two scales were significantly improved after 3 months and 6 months, and the score of SF-36 after 6 months was close to normal people. Conclusion: The patients after heart transplantation need self-management education. Self-management could help patients improve their self-efficacy and quality of life.

Critical care support can reduce mortality of critically ill patients. Stays in Intensive Care Units (ICU) are commonly accompanied by muscle weakness. ICU-acquired weakness could reduce patients’ body functions and quality of life. Several studies indicated that the ICU patients’ early mobility could relieve ICU acquired weakness. This article reviews the concept, ICU activity in patients with early start and pause the indications, effect, safety and early activities of the status and influencing factors.

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. The diagnosis and treatment of cancer could raise discomfort to the patients' body and mind, and lead to psychological imbalance. Psychoeducation interventions could improve breast cancer patients' physical or emotional disturbance. This article describes the concepts, forms and contents of psychoeducation in detail, and summarizes the research progress of psychoeducation interventions among patients with breast cancer.

Objective: To explore the influencing factors of need for cognitive closure in patients with separation and conversion disorder. Methods: A total of 217 patients with separation and conversion disorder were investigated by the Need for Cognitive Closure Scale (NCCS). Results: The total score of NCCS was (217.65±31.23). There were significant differences in education level, clinical manifestation, the times of episodes and personality traits between the patients with high NCCS score and those with low NCCS score (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that personality traits,clinical manifestation, the times of episodes and education level were independent influencing factors of NCCS in patients with separation and conversion disorder. Conclusion: The NCCS score was in the high level in patients with separation and conversion disorder, and was influenced by many factors, targeted intervention measures should be used to improve the need for cognitive closure.

This article reviewed the literature on Parkinson patients' medication compliance management strategy,and aimed to explore more effective management schemes. This article can provide information to guide clinical nursing practice and further study on medication management for patients with Parkinson Disease.

Self-management intervention is an effective way to slow down disease progression, control symptoms,and improve quality of life among COPD patients. Although self-management has been widely applied in clinical practice,some nurses still have some misunderstandings. This article identified the concept of self-management, reviewed the literature on self-management, recommended intervention measures to improve patients' self-management: medical management, life-role management and emotional management. This article also indicated weaknesses of presenting selfmanagement interventions in China, with the purpose to enhance nurses' perception and improve patients' prognosis and quality of life.

After a three-month visit and study in NHS Foundation Trust in Gloucestershire Hospital located in southwest England, the author introduced their nurses' ranks and grades, their working categories, the education center settings, the inservice nursing training system, its training teachers as well as the characteristics of the training in the hospital. The article finally concluded three useful lessons from studying the U.K. hospital nursing training: the reasonable and effective training style, the humanized time arrangement, the flexible inservice training contents.

The authors reviewed the "Group Care Model"in the United States, focused on its' origin, development and current situation. It can provide some reference for implementing comprehensive measures in clinical practice.