Abstract: Objective: To explore the relationship between medication environment and nurses' unsafe medication behaviors, and to provide scientific basis for nurses' safe medication management. Methods: Totally 1 012 clinical nurses from 5 tertiary hospitals in Harbin were investigated, using demographic questionnaire, Nurses Unsafe Medication Behaviors Scale, and Nurse Perceived Medication Environment Scale. Results: Nurses' unsafe medication behavior detection rate was 74.3% and the median score of nurses' unsafe medication behavior was 8. The mean score of nursing perceived medication environment was 134.96±16.28. Multiple regression analysis showed that nurses themselves, medication related personnel,system and supervision, professional title were the influencing factors of nurses' unsafe medication behavior, which could explain 26.9% of the total variance. Conclusion: The current status of nurses' unsafe medication behavior should be further improved and nursing managers should actively improve the nurses' medication environment in order to reduce the occurrence of nurses' unsafe medication behavior.